关键词: 车辆工程; 自动驾驶；环境感知；自主决策；运动控制；技术发展

Abstract: Automatic driving realizes partial or complete automatic operation of road traffic through the organic integration of transportation tools, infrastructure and operation control, which is a profound change for the traditional transportation mode and travel mode. Firstly, the concept and significance of automatic driving was summarized. Then, three key technologies of autonomous driving vehicle, including environmental perception, autonomous decision-making and motion control, were described. And then, the problems of the development of automatic driving technology existing in four aspects were analyzed, such as laws and regulations and ethical problems to be solved, lack of testing and evaluation methods, improvement of standard system and attention to system safety. Finally, it is pointed out that in the future, automatic driving may develop in parallel along two routes: promote and apply the auxiliary driving function below L3 on open roads to improve driving safety and road traffic efficiency; promote the normal operation of unmanned technologies such as automatic driving in the park with less restrictions by laws and regulations and relatively closed environment, and build supporting intelligent infrastructure to improve production and operation efficiency.

Key words: vehicle engineering; autopilot; environmental perception; autonomous decision-making; motion control; technology development