Abstract: In order to meet the needs of emergency rescue and reduce unnecessary construction of the reserve, the location of emergency material reserve under multiple capability levels was studied. A gravity model reflecting the service level and spatial distance characteristics of the emergency material reserve under different construction levels was introduced, and a multi-objective location model under the full coverage theory was constructed, and an improved bat algorithm was designed to solve the model. The improved algorithm and model were used to calculate the example to obtain the Pareto solution set that met the requirements of the problem, and then the TOPSIS method was used to obtain the optimal solution of the problem. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, it was compared with the optimal solution of the location model under the fixed capacity level. The results show that on the premise of meeting emergency needs, the multiple capability level location model can effectively save a lot of fiscal costs and improve the efficiency of emergency rescue compared with the fixed capability level location model.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; multiple capacity choices; improved bat algorithm; gravity model; emergency material reserve

摘要： 为满足应急救援需求，减少不必要的重复建设，研究了多重能力等级下应急物资储备库的选址问题。引入反应不同建设等级下应急物资储备库对应急需求点服务水平以及空间距离特征的引力模型，构建了全覆盖理论下的多目标选址模型，并针对模型设计改进蝙蝠算法进行求解。运用改进的算法和模型对算例进行计算，获得符合问题要求的Pareto解集，再采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）取得问题的最优解。为了验证模型的有效性，与固定能力等级下的选址模型的最优解进行比较。研究表明：在满足应急需求的前提下，多重能力等级选址模型相较于固定能力等级选址模型可以有效的节省大量经济成本、提升应急救援的效率。

关键词: 交通运输工程；多重能力决策；改进蝙蝠算法；引力模型；应急物资储备库