Fire Risk Management of Extra-long Road Tunnel Based on GIS

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2023.08.16

Abstract

Abstract: In order to effectively reduce the risk of fire in tunnels, a relatively complete fire risk assessment system for highway tunnels was constructed, so as to achieve more scientific management of fire risks. GIS technology was innovatively employed in the fire risk management. Firstly, the advantages of GIS application in tunnel fire risk management were analyzed, the tunnel fire risk management method based on GIS was analyzed in detail, and the tunnel fire risk evaluation and classification were realized by incorporating ArcGIS. Secondly, the tunnel risk management system based on GIS technology was constructed and the operation of the application end was explained. Finally, the risk assessment model was established for tunnel fires, including four primary indicators of hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, as well as 33 secondary indicators. Entropy weight method and improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to carry out the fire risk assessment of Xishan Tunnel and Yangquan Beiru Tunnel, and the electronic map was displayed. The research shows that the GIS-based fire risk assessment model can effectively accomplish the functions such as the hazard analysis, exposure analysis, vulnerability analysis and disaster prevention and mitigation capability analysis. Moreover, the feasibility of the proposed system is verified by the case study, which provides safe and reliable information and intelligent decision-making support for comprehensive fire risk management and emergency response of extra-long tunnels.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; geographic information system; tunnel fire; risk management; risk management system

摘要： 为有效降低隧道火灾发生风险，构建较为完善的公路隧道火灾风险评估体系，进而对火灾风险实现更加科学的管理，创新性地将GIS技术应用在特长公路隧道火灾风险管理中。首先分析了GIS应用于隧道火灾风险管理的优势，具体介绍了基于GIS的隧道火灾风险管理方法，结合ArcGIS实现隧道火灾风险评价与等级划分；其次，构建基于GIS技术的隧道风险管理系统并对应用端的操作进行了说明；最后，针对隧道火灾建立了危险性、脆弱性、暴露度及防灾减灾能力4个一级指标、33个二级指标的风险评价模型，运用熵值法和改进模糊综合评价方法对太古西山隧道、阳泉市北茹隧道进行了火灾风险评价并进行电子地图显示。研究表明：基于GIS的火灾风险评价模型可有效实现隧道火灾的危险性分析、暴露度分析、脆弱性分析以及防灾减灾能力分析，并结合实例研究验证了此系统的可行性，以期为特长隧道火灾风险综合管理和应急响应提供安全可靠的信息和智能化决策支持。

关键词: 交通运输工程；地理信息系统；隧道火灾；风险管理；风险管理系统

CLC Number:

U491

LIU Hongyong1， XU Min1，ZHANG Jingxiao2，XU He3. Fire Risk Management of Extra-long Road Tunnel Based on GIS[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(8): 114-124.

刘红勇1，徐敏1，张静晓2，许贺3. 基于GIS的特长公路隧道火灾风险管理研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 42(8): 114-124.

References

［1］韩兴博，夏永旭，汪文兵，等.生命值与伤害值概念下的公路隧道火灾人员逃生安全风险研究［J］.现代隧道技术，2021，58(1): 84-91,108.
HAN Xingbo, XIA Yongxu, WANG Wenbing, et al. Study on the safety risk criterion for personnel escape in highway tunnel fires under the concept of life value and injury value ［J］. Modern Tunnel Technology, 2021, 58(1): 84-91,108.
［2］赵峰.公路隧道运营风险评估及火灾逃生研究［D］.西安：长安大学，2010.
ZHAO Feng.Study on Operating Risk Assessment and Fire Evacuation for Road Tunnel ［D］. Xian: Changan University, 2010.
［3］ XU P, XING R, JIANG S, et al. Theoretical prediction model and full-scale experimental study of central smoke extraction with a uniform smoke rate in a tunnel fire ［J］. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019(86): 63-74.
［4］夏永旭，周勇狄，王永东.公路隧道火灾时的人员逃生研究［J］. 土木工程学报，2009, 42(8): 115-123.
XIA Yongxu, ZHOU Yongdi, WANG Yongdong. A study of people escapes in highway tunnel fires ［J］. Journal of Civil Engineering, 2009, 42(8): 115-123.
［5］胡嘉伟，毛军，郗艳红，等. 隧道横向偏置火源顶棚温度纵向分布特性研究［J］. 消防科学与技术，2021，40(5): 629-633.
HU Jiawei, MAO Jun, XI Yanhong, et al. Study on the longitudinal ceiling temperature distribution characteristics of tunnel transverse offset fire source ［J］. Fire Science and Technology, 2021, 40(5): 629-633.
［6］楼波，覃日富，邱永海.半横向通风方式下坡度隧道火灾排烟方法［J］. 华南理工大学学报(自然科学版) ，2018，46(1): 18-25.
LOU Bo, QIN Rifu, QIU Yonghai. A method of smoke exhausted under semi-transverse ventilation in the tilted tunnel fire ［J］. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 46(1): 18-25.
［7］林晓添. 深圳地铁公司地铁运营火灾风险管理研究［D］. 兰州:兰州大学，2021.
LIN Xiaotian. Study on Fire Risk Management of Metro Operation in Shenzhen Metro Corporation ［D］. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2021.
［8］曾雁. 深圳百乐华商场火灾风险管理研究［D］. 兰州:兰州大学，2021.
ZENG Yan. Study on Fire Risk Management of Shenzhen Bailehua Shopping Mall ［D］. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2021.
［9］康娜. 公路隧道运营火灾风险综合评估模式研究［D］. 北京：中国矿业大学，2019.
KANG Na. Study on Comprehensive Assessment Mode of Fire Risk in Highway Tunnel Operation ［D］. Beijing: University of Mining and Technology of China, 2019.
［10］张帆. 高速公路隧道消防工程安全管理与评价研究［D］. 昆明：昆明理工大学，2021.
ZHANG Fan. Study on Safety Management and Evaluation of Expressway Tunnel Fire Engineering ［D］. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology，2021.
［11］李志鹏，杜震洪，张丰，等. 基于GIS的浙北近海海域生态系统健康评价［J］. 生态学报，2016，36(24): 8183-8193.
LI Zhipeng, DU Zhenhong, ZHANG Feng, et al. A GIS-based health assessment of the offshore marine ecosystem in north Zhejiang Province ［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(24): 8183-8193.
［12］张煊，刘勇，侯全华，等.基于GIS热点技术的低碳出行街区建成环境特征探析［J］.长安大学学报(自然科学版)，2018,38; (1):89-97.
ZHANG Xuan, LIU Yong, HOU Quanhua, et al. Characteristics of built environment in low-carbon travel block based on GIS hotspot technology ［J］. Journal of Changan University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 38(1): 89-97.
［13］李浩，赵国堂，范丁元，等.面向GIS应用的铁路工程三维信息模型数据交换方法［J］.西南交通大学学报，2018，53(1): 197-205.
LI Hao, ZHAO Guotang, FAN Dingyuan, et al. Data exchange method of railway engineering information model for GIS application ［J］. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2018, 53(1): 197-205.
［14］张钟远，邓明国，徐世光，等.镇康县滑坡易发性评价模型对比研究［J］.岩石力学与工程学报，2022，41(1):157-171.
ZHANG Zhongyuan, DENG Minguo, XU Shiguang, et al. Comparison of landslide susceptibility assessment models in Zhenkang County ［J］. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2022, 41(1): 157-171.
［15］ DING Z, NIU J, LIU S, et al. An approach integrating geographic information system and building information modelling to assess the building health of commercial buildings ［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020(257): 120532.
［16］ LANGRAN G. A review of temporal database research and its use in GIS applications ［J］. International Journal of Geographical Infor mation System，1989，3(3): 215-232.
［17］张文辉，沈荣芳.城市火灾风险认知述评及其逻辑局限和对策［J］.系统工程理论与实践，2019，39(2):387-396.
ZHANG Wenhui, SHEN Rongfang. The summary, logical limitations and countermeasures of urban fire risk cognition ［J］. Systems Engineering Theory & Practice, 2019, 39(2): 387-396.
［18］佟志军，张继权，廖晓玉，等.基于GIS的草原火灾风险管理辅助决策支持系统的研究［J］.东北师大学报(自然科学版)，2008,40(2):115-120.
TONG Zhijun, ZHANG Jiquan, LIAO Xiaoyu, et al. Research on auxiliary decision support system for grassland fire risk management based on GIS ［J］. Journal of Northeast Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2008,40(2): 115-120.
［19］佟志军，张继权，廖晓玉，等.基于GIS的草原火灾风险管理研究［J］.应用基础与工程科学学报，2008(2):161-167.
TONG Zhijun, ZHANG Jiquan, LIAO Xiaoyu, et al. Research on grassland fire risk management based on GIS ［J］. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2008(2): 161-167.
［20］张继权，冈田宪夫，多多纳裕一. 综合自然灾害风险管理——全面整合的模式与中国的战略选择［J］. 自然灾害学报，2006(1):29-37.
ZHANG Jiquan, Okada Norig, Yuichi Dodona. Integrated natural disaster risk management: Comprehensive and integrated model and Chinese strategy choice ［J］. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2006(1): 29-37.
［21］张思兰，梅绪东，徐烽淋，等.基于GIS的页岩气开发生态环境数据管理系统设计［J］.环境监测管理与技术，2021，33(6): 5-8，13.
ZHANG Silan, MEI Xudong, XU Fenglin, et al. Design of ecological environment data management system for shale gas development based on GIS ［J］. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2021, 33(6): 5-8，13.
［22］钟东，潘红兵.基于GIS平台的视频监控系统与火灾报警系统联动的应用研究［J］.公路交通科技(应用技术版)，2017，13(12): 300-302.
ZHONG Dong, PAN Hongbin. Research on application of linkage between video monitoring system and fire alarm system based on GIS platform ［J］. Highway Traffic Technology (Application Technology Edition), 2017, 13(12): 300-302.
［23］赵金先，武丹丹，张英，等.基于熵权法的绿色建筑项目管理绩效可拓评价［J］. 工程管理学报，2018，32(2): 125-130.
ZHAO Jinxian,WU Dandan,ZHANG Ying, et al. Extension evaluation of green building project management performance based on entropy weight method ［J］. Journal of Engineering Management，2018, 32(2): 125-130.
［24］陈俊伊，吴启红，杨平，等.基于熵值法的自贡市垃圾焚烧发电厂PPP项目绩效模糊综合评价研究［J］.工程管理学报，2020，34(1):92-96.
CHEN Junyi, WU Qihong, YANG Ping, et al. Study on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of PPP project performance of Zigong municipal solid waste incineration power plant based on entropy method ［J］. Journal of Engineering Management, 2020, 34(1): 92-96.
［25］赵峰，周勇狄，夏永旭.公路隧道运营阶段风险定量分析模型研究［J］. 西部交通科技，2010，16(5): 67-71,81.〖DW〗〖JP3〗ZHAO Feng, ZHOU Yongdi, XIA Yongxu. Research on quantitative analysis model of operating risk in road tunnel ［J］. Western China Communications Science & Technology, 2010, 16(5): 67-71,81.〖JP〗［25］林楠，黄宏伟.地铁结构安全评估指标体系的初步研究［J］.现代隧道技术，2008，45(增刊1): 82-85.
LIN Nan, HUANG Hongwei. Preliminary study on safety evaluation index system of subway structure ［J］. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2008, 45(Sup1): 82-85.
［26］张小筠，赵栩，刘戒骄．基于 AHP-模糊综合评价的新材料产业重点领域选择——以青海西宁国家级经济技术开发区为例［J］．科技管理研究，2019，39（16）：50-57．
ZHANG Xiaoyun, ZHAO Xu, LIU Jiejiao. Selection of key areas of new material industry based on AHP-Fuzzy synthetic evaluation method: Taking Qinghai Xining national economic and technological development zone as example ［J］.Science and Technology Management Research, 2019, 39(16): 50-57．
［27］崔喆.特长公路隧道火灾风险评价及烟雾控制研究［D］.西安：长安大学，2018.
CUI Zhe. Study on the Fire Risk Assessment and Smoke Control of Longhighway Tunnel ［D］. Xian: Changan University, 2018.

[1]	ZHAO Hongzhuan, LI Lin, ZHOU Dan, CHEN Jianpeng, ZHAN Xin. Variable One-Way Traffic Control Algorithm in Internet of Vehicles [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(6): 111-118.
[2]	HAN Baorui, PU Haijian, ZHU Zhenjun. Evolution of the Competition-Cooperation Relationship between Urban Rail Transit and Conventional Bus Based on the Improved Lotka-Volterra Model [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(2): 106-112.
[3]	HE Lieyun, ZHOU Yan, HUANG Shaoze, LIU Qiang. Application Condition and Benefit Evaluation of Signal Control Mode for Superposition Release [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(1): 113-119.
[4]	LI Zhenlong, DONG Aihua, YANG Lei. Evaluation of Lane Change Trajectory Based on Group Decision and Entropy Weight Method [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(1): 120-127.
[5]	ZHAO Shuen, LIU Wei. Low-Illumination Road Traffic Sign Recognition Based on Improved VGG Model [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(10): 178-184.
[6]	LI Yingshuai1, YAN Qiruo1, ZHAO Cong2. Range of Inner Wheel Deviation Effect in Right Turn of Buse [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(09): 43-48.
[7]	YAN Ying1, LIU Ge1, TIAN Min1, LIU Jiale1, MU Yan2. Method for Determining Critical Speed of Curve-Slope Combination Section Based on Trucksim [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(09): 49-54.
[8]	HU Mingwei1,2,3, SHI Xiaolong1, ZHAI Suyun4, LIU Peng1. Evaluation of Traffic and Environmental Benefits for the Mixed Traffic Flow of Autonomous Vehicles [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(08): 7-14.
[9]	LI Jia1, WANG Xuesong2. Meso-level Safety Analysis Model of Urban Arterials in Dense Road Network [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(08): 34-41.
[10]	JIAO Liudan1, ZHU Yinghan1, WU Ya2, SONG Xiangnan3. Pricing of Urban Rail Transit Peak Fare Based on Evolutionary Game Theory [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(08): 42-49.
[11]	ZHA Weixiong, FENG Tao, YAN Lixin. Optimization Model of Emergency Bus Dispatching Considering Vehicle Arrival Time Window [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(08): 57-62.
[12]	PAN Binghong, ZHOU Xizhen, HAN Xueyan. Continuous Visual Reference Facilities Setting at Tunnel Entrance on Expressway [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(08): 132-139.
[13]	CHENG Qian1, ZHU Xiaoning2, LU Wansheng3. Travel Mode Choice Behavior Model of Intercity Passengers with Medium and Long Haul — A Case Study of High-Speed Railway and Air Transport [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(07): 39-45.
[14]	LIAN Qicai1, LI Han1, SHI Xiaolin1, YAN Zhangcun2. Autonomous Driving Choice Behavior Based on Panel Data Mixed Logit Model [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(07): 46-52.
[15]	QI Chunhua, WANG Xiaonan, ZHU Shoulin, LI Hangtian. Traffic Engineering Facility Information Threshold Based on Drivers Visual Area of Interest [J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2021, 40(07): 53-60.