Abstract: Aiming at the problem of long running time of some bus routes due to traffic congestion in a public transit network, a bus lane optimization model based on negative impact was established to improve the efficiency of bus from the point of view of system optimization. For bus lines with long running time often caused by congestion, the percentage of optimization (percentage of running-time reduction) was determined according to actual demand firstly. Under the premise of ensuring the optimized line to reach the optimization standard, the negative impact, which measured by the increased travel time for social vehicles after setting the bus lane, was minimized. The cut-and-solve algorithm was proposed to solve the model accurately. Finally, in the case study of bus network in Hefei, the effectiveness of the proposed model and its solve algorithm was verified based on a large number of data surveys. The calculation results show that when the negative effect reaches the minimum 0.25 × 106 s, the running time of the optimized line is reduced by 20%. At the same time, the total running time of the road network is reduced by 0.36% and the total running time of the bus is reduced by 22.97%. Therefore, the proposed bus lane setting method ensures the efficiency of bus while minimizing the impact on social vehicles.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering, bus lane, linear programming model, cut-and-solve algorithm, negative impact, optimization

摘要： 针对公交网络中部分线路由于道路交通拥堵导致运行时间过长的问题，从系统最优的角度出发，以提高公交运行效率为目的，建立了基于负面影响的公交专用道优化设置模型。对于经常发生拥堵导致运行时间过长的公交线路，根据需要确定其优化比例(运行时间减少的百分比)，在保证优化线路达到优化标准的前提下，实现负面影响最小，负面影响用路段设置专用道后社会车辆增加的旅行时间衡量。并提出cut-and-solve算法对模型进行精确求解。最后，选取合肥市公交网络实例，在大量数据调查的基础上，对模型及其求解算法的有效性进行了验证。计算结果表明：当负面影响达到最小0.25×106 s时，优化线路的运行时间均达到了减少20%的标准，同时优化后的路网总运行时间减少了0.36%，公交总运行时间减少了22.97%。可见，提出的公交专用道设置方法在保障公交运行效率的同时，对社会车辆的影响降至最小。

关键词: 交通运输工程, 公交专用道, 线性规划模型, cut-and-solve算法, 负面影响, 优化