关键词: 船舶工程；船冰碰撞；辽东湾；非线性有限元方法；数值模拟；能量分析

Abstract: Liaodong Bay is enclosed on three sides by land, with strong closure of the sea area, poor seawater exchange and weak fluidity, which causes the sea ice in this region to easily accumulate and form considerable thickness in winter, making it as one of the regions with the highest risk of sea ice disasters in northern China. The potential hazards posed by ice conditions directly threaten the navigation safety of non-icebreaking vessels. To address the safety needs of vessels navigating under ice conditions in this sea area, the numerical simulation of the collision process between a 38,000-ton bulk carrier and sea ice was conducted by the nonlinear finite element method, taking into account the characteristics of sea ice, the thickness and strength of ship steel. In the simulation, two key variables, namely ship navigation speed and ice thickness, were focused, and their impact rules on the collision damage of the ships bow structure, collision force and energy absorption were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that during the ship-ice collision process, collision force, energy absorption, and structural damage stress of the ship increase with the increase of navigation speed and ice thickness. When the ice thickness is 0.2 m, no plastic deformation occurs in the ships bow structure under the working conditions at the navigation speed of 3 knots, 4 knots and 5 knots, allowing for safe navigation. However, when the ice thickness exceeds 0.3 m, varying degrees of plastic deformation in the bow structure are observed.

Key words: ship engineering; ship ice collision; Liaodong Bay; nonlinear finite element method; numerical simulation; energy analysis