基于模拟驾驶的借道左转驾驶人视觉特性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2024.03.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 借道左转是一种缓解左转车流压力的新型交通组织方法，通过信号灯时空调配借用对向车道为左转待行区，提高相位内左转车辆通行能力。笔者运用驾驶模拟平台，建立城市道路交叉口借道左转仿真场景；结合眼动追踪系统，获取驾驶人借道左转过程中视觉特性参数的变化；通过瞳孔变化和眼动行为，分析驾驶人心理紧张程度及其与行车风险的关联。结果表明：识读借道左转标识及分隔带开口、到达分隔带开口和到达借用车道停车线几个位置，是驾驶人瞳孔面积变化和持续注视时间、注视兴趣区域变化以及扫视频率骤增的集中点，反映出相应位置驾驶人风险感知强、心理负荷大；借道左转短期注视行为较多，注视时长差距较大，表明该过程驾驶人关注目标多、摄取信息密集且处理难度悬殊，需要进行高强度的信息处理；累计扫视时间占比高于普通左转，且以5°以下小角度扫视为主，反映出借道左转过程环境信息复杂、行车风险较大，驾驶人搜索、对比分析的需求更高，扫视主要是为了捕捉关注目标和补充注视信息。

关键词: 交通运输工程；借道左转；驾驶模拟；驾驶人；视觉特性；行车风险

Abstract: The contraflow left-turn lane is a new traffic organization method to relieve the pressure of left-turn traffic flow. Through the space-time deployment of signal lights, the opposite lane was borrowed as the left-turn waiting zone to improve the traffic capacity of left-turn vehicles in the phase. The driving simulation platform was used to establish the simulation scene of setting contraflow left-turn lane at an urban road intersection. Combined with the eye tracking system, the change of the visual characteristic parameters was obtained during the process of the driver using contraflow left-turn lane. Through pupil changes and eye movement behaviors, the degree of psychological tension of drivers and its association with driving risk were analyzed. The results show that identifying the contraflow left-turn lane signs and three positions such as the opening of the divider, the arrival at the opening of the divider and the arrival at the parking line of the borrowed lane was the concentration point of changes in the driver’s pupil area and continuous fixation time, changes in interest area of fixation and a sudden increase in saccade frequency, which reflects the driver has strong risk perception and psychological load in the corresponding position. There are more short-term fixation behaviors and a large gap in the length of fixation time in using the contraflow left-turn lane, which indicates that the driver pays more attention to the target, absorbs information intensively, and has a significant difference in processing difficulty, requiring high-intensity information processing. The cumulative saccade time accounts for a higher proportion than that of ordinary left turn, and the saccade at small angles below 5 ° is principal, reflecting the complex environmental information and high driving risks in the process of using contraflow left-turn lane. Drivers have a higher demand for search and comparative analysis, and saccade is mainly to capture the target of attention and supplement fixation information.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; contraflow left-turn; driving simulation; driver; visual characteristics; driving risk

中图分类号:

U491.1

丁柏群1，闫艳红1，杨柳2, 宋子龙3. 基于模拟驾驶的借道左转驾驶人视觉特性研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 43(3): 45-53.

DING Baiqun1, YAN Yanhong1, YANG Liu2, SONG Zilong3. Visual Characteristics of the Drivers Using Contraflow Left-Turn Lane Based on Driving Simulation[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2024, 43(3): 45-53.

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