关键词: 拥挤收费, 信用, 高速公路, 成本效益分析, 灵敏度分析

Abstract: A credit-based congestion pricing ( CBCP) was presented to improve the effectiveness and social equity of the congestion pricing scheme． The CBCP allocated“credits”to low-income commuters and allows them to accumulate the credit value via giving up the tolled freeway and choosing arterial roads． The accumulated credits could be used to pay the future congestion fee on the freeway or the fare of public transit． In addition，the CBCP could be directly implemented on existing freeway without the need of extending new lanes，which was what the conventional CP does at the expense of long time and high investments． Thus，the CBCP provides higher capacity on all lanes rather than one or two lanes of the CP，and therefore CBCP could permit exemptions of buses，vans as well as carpools． To demonstrate the feasibility of the CBCP，an elaborate cost-benefit analysis was presented． The results show that the value of the benefit-cost ratio of the CBCP is higher than two schemes and rises considerably with the incremental level of congestion condition． Furthermore，a sensitivity analysis on the CBCP reveals that the speed of congested flow and the scale of the congested network have significant influences on the benefit-cost ratio of the CBCP．

Key words: congestion pricing, credit, freeway, cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis