重庆主城区河流底泥中重金属污染现状及生态风险分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2020.11.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了评估重庆市主城区河流底泥重金属污染及其潜在环境风险，以重庆市主城区花溪河、苦溪河、桃花溪、清水溪、盘溪河等5条河流为研究对象，检测了河流底泥中6种重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的浓度；采用内梅罗综合指数法和地累积指数法分析了河流底泥重金属污染程度，采用Hakanson潜在生态风险评价法对重金属生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：重庆市主城区5条河流中6种重金属均达到了轻度污染及以上的等级，桃花溪和清水溪取样点的内梅罗综合指数Pcom＞3，属于重污染；6种重金属中，Cu污染最严重；重庆市主城区河流底泥中重金属的潜在生态风险较低，除了花溪河一个采样点的重金属潜在生态风险指数RI=212.04，属于中等风险等级，其余RI＜150，属于轻微风险等级。

关键词: 环境工程, 底泥, 重金属污染, 生态风险

Abstract: In order to study the risk of heavy metal pollution and its potential environmental risk in the river sediments of the main urban area of Chongqing, 5 rivers in the main urban area of Chongqing, including Huaxi River, Kuxi River, Taohua Stream, Qingshui Stream and Panxi River, were studied. The concentrations of six kinds of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediments were detected. Nemerow comprehensive index method and geo-accumulation index method were used to analyze the pollution degree of heavy metals in river sediments, and Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of heavy metals. The results show that six kinds of heavy metals in the 5 rivers in the main urban area of Chongqing have reached the level of mild pollution or above. Nemerow comprehensive index (Pcom) of Taohua Stream and Qingshui Stream sampling points is more than three, which belongs to heavy pollution level. Among the six kinds of heavy metals, Cu pollution is the most serious. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in river sediments of the main urban area of Chongqing is low. Except for the potential ecological risk index in one sampling point of Huaxi River (RI = 212.04), it belongs to the medium risk level; the rest RI values of other rivers are less than 150, which belong to the mild level.

Key words: environment engineering, sediments, heavy metal pollution, ecological risk

中图分类号:

X824

张占梅1,2，黄大俊1，石瑞琦1，徐源1，龚雨晨1. 重庆主城区河流底泥中重金属污染现状及生态风险分析[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(11): 122-127.

ZHANG Zhanmei1,2, HUANG Dajun1, SHI Ruiqi1, XU Yuan1, GONG Yuchen. Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Ecological Risk Analysis of River Sediments in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2020, 39(11): 122-127.

参考文献

［1］李金铎，虞理鹏，贺智能，等.象山近海表层沉积物重金属分布特征和生态风险评价［J］.环境科学研究，2018，31(10)：1751-1760.
LI Jinduo, YU Lipeng, HE Zhineng, et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment in Xiangshan offshore areas ［J］.Research
of Environmental Sciences, 2018, 31(10):1751-1760.
［2］连花，郭晶，黄代中，等.洞庭湖表层沉积物中重金属变化趋势及风险评估［J］.环境科学研究，2019，32(1)：126-134.
LIAN Hua, GUO Jing, HUANG Daizhong, et al. Variation trend and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting
Lake［J］. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(1):126-134.
［3］ LI Fei, HUANG Jinhui, ZENG Guangming, et al. Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake,
Middle China［J］.Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013, 132: 75-83.
［4］ WANG Lin, LONG Xinxian, CHONG Yunxiao, et al.Potential risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments during the denitrification process enhanced by calcium
nitrate addition: Effect of AVS residual ［J］.Ecological Engineering, 2016, 87: 333-339.
［5］曾青，杨清伟，刘雪莲，等.秀山锰矿区梅江河沉积物重金属含量及污染特征［J］.重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版），2011，30(4)：843-847.
ZENG Qing, YANG Qingwei, LIU Xuelian, et al. Concentration and pollution character of heavy metals in sedimentsfrom Meijiang River in Xiushan manganese mine Area［
J］.Journal of Chongqing JiaotongUniversity(Natural Science),2011, 30(4): 843-847.
［6］何太蓉,刘存东,庄红娟.重庆市清水溪河流沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价［J］.环境工程学报，2009，3(7)：1329-1332.
HE Tairong, LIU Cundong, ZHUANG Hongjuan. Pollution of heavy metals in the sediments from Qingshui stream in Chongqing and its potential ecological risk assessment
［J］.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2009, 3(7): 1329-1332.
［7］刘国涛，金晓静，彭绪亚，等.重庆市梁滩河沉积物重金属污染风险评价［J］.中南大学学报(自然科学版)，2012，43(12)：4962-4967.
LIU Guotao, JIN Xiaojing, PENG Xuya, et al. Risk assessment of heavy metals pollution of sediment of Liangtan River in Chongqing［J］.Journal of Central South
University (Science and Technology), 2012, 43 (12): 4962-4967.
［8］杨清伟，肖飞，潘瑾，等.重庆市城镇河流沉积物重金属污染的潜在生物毒性评价［J］.环境与健康杂志，2009，26(5)：439-441.
YANG Qingwei, XIAO Fei, PAN Jin, et al. Potential biological toxicity assessment on the pollution of heavy metals in fluvial sediment in Chongqing ［J］.Journal of
Environment and Health, 2009, 26(5): 439-441.
［9］张兴英，翟勤.重庆主城区段长江沉积物中重金属污染的生态风险［J］］.湖北农业科学，2012，51(15)：3219-3221, 3225.
ZHANG Xingying, ZHAI Qin. Potential ecological risk assessment of sediment from Yangtze river: Chongqing downtown section ［J］.Hubei Agricultural
Sciences,2012,51(15):3219-3221, 3225.
［10］张兴梅，刘艳艳，郭建谱，等.三峡库区重庆城区段底泥重金属污染调查与分析［J］.重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)，2010，27(2)：176-180.
ZHANG Xingmei, LIU Yanyan, GUO Jianpu, et al. Investigation and characterization of heavy metal pollution in sediment of chongqing urban section of three gorges
reservoir［J］.Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2010，27(2)：176-180.
［11］罗芳，伍国荣，王冲，等.内梅罗污染指数法和单因子评价法在水质评价中的应用［J］.环境与可持续发展，2016，41(5)：87-89.
LUO Fang, WU Guorong, WANG Chong, et al. Application of Nemerow pollution indexmethod and single factor evaluation method in water quality evaluation［J］.
Environment and Sustainable Development, 2016, 41(5): 87-89.
［12］关伯仁.评内梅罗的污染指数［J］.环境科学，1979，4(4)：67-71.
GUAN Boren. Appraising of Nemerow pollution index ［J］.Environmental Science,1979, 4(4) : 67-71.
［13］赵斌，朱四喜，杨秀琴，等.草海湖沉积物中重金属污染现状及生态风险评价［J］.环境科学研究，2019，32(2)：235-245.
ZHAO Bin, ZHU Sixi, YANG Xiuqin, et al. Pollution status and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Caohai Lake ［J］. Research of
Environmental Sciences,2019,32(2):235-245.
［14］杨远伟.城市景观河流底泥重金属污染及生态风险评价［J］.阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版)，2018，35(1)：27-32.
YANG Yuanwei. Study on heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment of urban landscape river sediment ［J］.Journal of Fuyang Normal University (Natural
Science), 2018,35(1):27-32.
［15］张茜，冯民权，郝晓燕.漳泽水库沉积物重金属污染特征与生态风险评价［J］.环境工程，2019，37(1)：11-17.
ZHANG Qian, FENG Minquan, HAO Xiaoyan. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhangze reservoir ［J］.
Environmental Engineering, 2019, 37 (1) :11-17.
［16］胡兰文，陈明，杨泉，等.底泥重金属污染现状及修复技术进展［J］.环境工程，2017，35(12)：115-118，123.
HU Lanwen, CHEN Ming, YANG Quan, et al. Present situation ofheavy metal pollution in sediments and its remediation technologies ［J］. Environmental Engineering,
2017, 35 (12): 115-118,123.
［17］重庆市环境科研监测所，西南农学院土化系，西南师范学院环境科研组.重庆地区土壤中11种元素背景值的调查研究［J］.重庆环境保护，1982(4)：1-8.
Chongqing Institute of Environmental Science and Monitoring, Department of Soil and Agrochemistry, Southwest Agricultural College, Environmental Research Group of
Southwest Normal University. Investigation on the background values of 11 elements in soil in Chongqing ［J］.Chongqing Environmental Protection，1982(4): 1-8.
［18］ Hakanson Lars. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control: A sedimentological approach［J］. Water Research, 1980, 14: 975-1001.

[1]	张占梅1，石瑞琦1，任筱雨1，潘云霞2，李锐3. “A2/O+混凝沉淀+纤维转盘过滤”工艺在污水处理厂升级改造中的工程实践[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 40(05): 116-121.
[2]	艾海男1，周漫宇1，周涛2，詹昊1，吕逸韬1. P-SMFC体系中磷形态转化及去除效能研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 40(04): 118-126.
[3]	潘俊奎1，刘燕2，路畅1，张续光3，高建平1. 高速公路服务区径流污染物在生物滞留填料中的时空降解特性[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(12): 99-105.
[4]	牟凤云1，杨猛1，余情2，刘振涛3. 基于RF-RUSLE模型的水土流失性公路自然灾害风险评估——以重庆市巴南区为例[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(11): 114-121.
[5]	官冬杰，殷博灵. 重庆市渝东北生态红线区域生态环境质量评估[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(10): 105-117.
[6]	周伟1,2,李浩然1, 黄露1，袁増元1，谢宇灏1. 重庆市南岸区城市绿地演变及其固碳效益研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(07): 121-125.
[7]	官冬杰，和秀娟，陈林. 长江经济带不同尺度城市规模扩张特征及空间差异研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(06): 108-116.
[8]	牟凤云1，殷博灵1，余阳1 ,弓晓峰2. 城乡二元结构地区生态服务价值变化分析[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(06): 117-125.
[9]	赵宇1,2，杨清伟1. 基于CNKI的中国河流重金属污染研究进展分析[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(04): 104-109.
[10]	张占梅1, 2，李媛莉2，石瑞琦2，胡伟伟2. 重庆市主城区八条河流水质综合评价[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 39(01): 109-114.
[11]	伍仁杰1, 陈洪凯2. 基于灰色聚类的贵州省县域公路洪灾孕灾环境分区研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 38(04): 88-93.
[12]	官冬杰1, 2 ，陈婷1，和秀娟1，罗雪1，罗丽1，邓慧婷1. 三峡库区（重庆段）土地利用空间冲突类型识别及驱动机制研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 38(02): 65-71.
[13]	柯宏霞，高建平. 一种基于KPCA和Brovey变换的遥感影像融合方法[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 38(02): 72-78.
[14]	孙莹洁，邓兵，乐琪浪. 大宁河上中游地质灾害发育特征及对比研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 38(01): 69-75.
[15]	杭庆丰1，夏霆2，武钦凯2，何涛2. 里下河腹部区河道水源地水质生态净化效果评估[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 37(12): 69-76.