摘要： When properly odesigned and built，the offshore concrete structures do a very good job for their owners，often in harsh environments like the North Sea or the Arctic． Most of these structures are serving the oil and gas industry． A skill has been developed for designing and building these severely loaded，heavily reinforced structures，including the skill of integrating design and construction properly，and understanding the importance of good construction management． There are numerous more ordinary concrete structures in the marine environment near the shore，such as docks and bridges，that have been erected over a period of more than a century． The experience gained from the design and construction of these structures may be utilized in new applications． In particular the application of traditional concrete platform technology to make ultra long subsea tunnels feasible is described． It is demonstrated that the technology is available and known; many of the elements required have been used before．

中图分类号: 

• U459.5

• U454