考虑驾驶人-车辆-道路交互的高速公路长大纵坡坡度阈值研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.11.10

重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 76-84.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.11.10

• 智慧交通基础设施 • 上一篇

考虑驾驶人-车辆-道路交互的高速公路长大纵坡坡度阈值研究

何云勇1，何恩怀1，张乐1,2，张岩3，孙璐1

(1. 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司，四川成都 610041； 2. 西南交通大学土木工程学院，四川成都 610031； 3. 西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院，四川成都 610031；)

收稿日期:2024-08-04 修回日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-11-27
作者简介:何云勇(1986—),男,四川广安人，博士，正高级工程师，主要从事道路工程与交通安全方面的研究。E-mail:157700268@qq.com 通信作者：张乐(1996—),男,河南三门峡人,博士研究生,工程师，主要从事道路工程设计方面的研究。E-mail: if_1996@126.com
基金资助:
四川省交通运输科技项目(2023-A-08;2018-A-04)

Gradient Threshold of Long Downhill Slope of Expressway Considering Driver-Vehicle-Road Interaction

HE Yunyong1, HE Enhuai1, ZHANG Le1,2, ZHANG Yan3, SUN Lu1

(1. Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; 3. School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China)

Received:2024-08-04 Revised:2025-05-05 Published:2025-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为获取满足公路运营安全的纵坡坡度设计指标，通过理论计算研究了货车9~12挡共4种车速在发动机辅助制动和排气辅助制动2种模式下的纵坡坡度阈值；于雅安至西昌高速公路开展实车试验获取驾驶人心率及视觉负荷特征，研究了满足驾驶人心理及视觉安全需求的坡度阈值。结果表明：纵坡坡长随坡度的增大而减小，存在坡度阈值使坡长不受限；坡度阈值随货车制动挡位的增大近似呈线性减小；货车以12挡高速下坡时保障制动安全的坡度阈值为2.80%；高速公路长大纵坡行车过程中，驾驶人心率增长率符合正态分布，与纵坡坡度间线性相关；在直坡段驾驶人视觉负荷强度与纵坡坡度间呈二次函数相关，弯坡段则呈指数相关；满足驾驶人行车心理及视觉安全需求的坡度阈值为2.96%。可见，以2.80%为公路长大纵坡坡度阈值可满足车辆及驾驶人的安全需求。

关键词: 道路工程；坡度阈值；行车安全；制动毂温升模型；心率增长率；视觉负荷强度；长大纵坡

Abstract: To obtain the design index of longitudinal slope gradient which met the safety of highway operation, the longitudinal slope gradient threshold of four kinds of vehicle speeds from 9 to 12 gears of truck was studied under two modes of engine-assisted braking and exhaust-assisted braking by theoretical calculation. A real vehicle test was carried out on the Ya’an-Xichang Expressway to obtain the driver’s heart rate and visual workload characteristics, and the slope threshold that met the driver’s psychological and visual safety needs was studied. The results show that the longitudinal slope length decreases with the increase of slope, and there is a gradient threshold to make the slope length unlimited. The gradient threshold decreases approximately linearly with the increase of the braking gear of the truck. The gradient threshold for ensuring braking safety when a truck is driving downhill at high speed in 12th gear is 2.80%. In the process of driving on the long longitudinal slope of the expressway, the growth rate of the driver heart rate conforms to the normal distribution and is linearly related to the longitudinal slope gradient. There is a quadratic function correlation between the driver’s visual workload intensity and the longitudinal slope gradient in the straight slope section, and an exponential correlation in the curved slope section. The gradient threshold that meets the driver’s psychological and visual safety needs is 2.96%. Therefore, the safety requirements of vehicles and drivers can be met by taking 2.80% as the threshold for the gradient of long downhill slope on highways.

Key words: highway engineering; gradient threshold; driving safety; temperature rise model of brake hub; heart rate growth rate; visual workload intensity; long downhill slope

中图分类号:

U412.3

何云勇1，何恩怀1，张乐1,2，张岩3，孙璐1. 考虑驾驶人-车辆-道路交互的高速公路长大纵坡坡度阈值研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 44(11): 76-84.

HE Yunyong1, HE Enhuai1, ZHANG Le1,2, ZHANG Yan3, SUN Lu1. Gradient Threshold of Long Downhill Slope of Expressway Considering Driver-Vehicle-Road Interaction[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2025, 44(11): 76-84.

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考虑驾驶人-车辆-道路交互的高速公路长大纵坡坡度阈值研究

Gradient Threshold of Long Downhill Slope of Expressway Considering Driver-Vehicle-Road Interaction

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