基于GIS的特长公路隧道火灾风险管理研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2023.08.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为有效降低隧道火灾发生风险，构建较为完善的公路隧道火灾风险评估体系，进而对火灾风险实现更加科学的管理，创新性地将GIS技术应用在特长公路隧道火灾风险管理中。首先分析了GIS应用于隧道火灾风险管理的优势，具体介绍了基于GIS的隧道火灾风险管理方法，结合ArcGIS实现隧道火灾风险评价与等级划分；其次，构建基于GIS技术的隧道风险管理系统并对应用端的操作进行了说明；最后，针对隧道火灾建立了危险性、脆弱性、暴露度及防灾减灾能力4个一级指标、33个二级指标的风险评价模型，运用熵值法和改进模糊综合评价方法对太古西山隧道、阳泉市北茹隧道进行了火灾风险评价并进行电子地图显示。研究表明：基于GIS的火灾风险评价模型可有效实现隧道火灾的危险性分析、暴露度分析、脆弱性分析以及防灾减灾能力分析，并结合实例研究验证了此系统的可行性，以期为特长隧道火灾风险综合管理和应急响应提供安全可靠的信息和智能化决策支持。

关键词: 交通运输工程；地理信息系统；隧道火灾；风险管理；风险管理系统

Abstract: In order to effectively reduce the risk of fire in tunnels, a relatively complete fire risk assessment system for highway tunnels was constructed, so as to achieve more scientific management of fire risks. GIS technology was innovatively employed in the fire risk management. Firstly, the advantages of GIS application in tunnel fire risk management were analyzed, the tunnel fire risk management method based on GIS was analyzed in detail, and the tunnel fire risk evaluation and classification were realized by incorporating ArcGIS. Secondly, the tunnel risk management system based on GIS technology was constructed and the operation of the application end was explained. Finally, the risk assessment model was established for tunnel fires, including four primary indicators of hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, as well as 33 secondary indicators. Entropy weight method and improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to carry out the fire risk assessment of Xishan Tunnel and Yangquan Beiru Tunnel, and the electronic map was displayed. The research shows that the GIS-based fire risk assessment model can effectively accomplish the functions such as the hazard analysis, exposure analysis, vulnerability analysis and disaster prevention and mitigation capability analysis. Moreover, the feasibility of the proposed system is verified by the case study, which provides safe and reliable information and intelligent decision-making support for comprehensive fire risk management and emergency response of extra-long tunnels.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; geographic information system; tunnel fire; risk management; risk management system

中图分类号:

U491

刘红勇1，徐敏1，张静晓2，许贺3. 基于GIS的特长公路隧道火灾风险管理研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 42(8): 114-124.

LIU Hongyong1， XU Min1，ZHANG Jingxiao2，XU He3. Fire Risk Management of Extra-long Road Tunnel Based on GIS[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2023, 42(8): 114-124.

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