河流沉积物中磷形态转化及其释放机制研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2026.07.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沉积物-水界面处的还原环境是元素发生转化的关键区域。磷元素的界面平衡会直接调控水体富营养化进程，而该过程深受界面氧化还原条件细微波动的影响。以沱江典型支流——濑溪河为对象，采集表层沉积物样品，通过室内模拟淹水实验，结合Hedley连续提取法，系统分析不同磷形态在还原环境下的动态变化，并重点探究上覆水的pH值、氧化还原电位（Eh）、Fe2+、总铁及溶解性有机碳（DOC）等关键参数对沉积物磷释放过程的作用机制。结果表明：濑溪河大足河段沉积物呈弱碱性，磷元素的主要形态为钙结合态磷（Ca-P），铁铝结合态磷（Fe/Al-P）次之；淹水过程中，沉积物Fe/Al-P显著减少（p<0.01）的同时，上覆水磷浓度同步升高，表明其为潜在活性磷的重要来源；相关性分析显示，上覆水Eh与水中磷浓度呈显著负相关（p<0.01）；同时，上覆水Fe2+和DOC与上覆水总磷呈正相关，在沉积物磷释放过程起着一定的促进作用。

关键词: 环境工程；沉积物；磷释放；磷形态；有机碳

Abstract: The reducing environment at the sediment-water interface is a critical area for element transformation. The interface equilibrium of phosphorus element directly regulates the eutrophication process of water bodies, which is deeply influenced by subtle fluctuations in interface redox conditions. Taking the typical tributary of the Tuojiang River, the Laixi River, as the object, surface sediment samples were collected and subjected to laboratory-scale simulated flooding experiments. Combined with the Hedley sequential extraction method, the dynamic changes of different phosphorus speciation in reducing environments were systematically analyzed. The mechanism how key parameters such as overlying water pH, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), Fe2+, total iron and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) influenced phosphorus release process of sediment was mainly explored. Results indicate that sediments in the Dazu section of the Laixi River exhibit weak alkalinity, and the main form of phosphorus element is calcium-bound P (Ca-P), followed by iron/aluminium-bound P (Fe/Al-P). During inundation, the sediment Fe/Al-P decreases significantly (p<0.01) while overlying water P concentrations increase concurrently, indicating that it is an important source of potential active phosphorus. Correlation analysis indicates that overlying water Eh exhibits a significant negative correlation with phosphorus concentration in water (p<0.01). Meanwhile, Fe2+ and DOC in the overlying water are positively correlated with total P in overlying water, exerting a certain promoting effect on sediment P release.

Key words: environment engineering; sediment; phosphorus release; phosphorus speciation; organic carbon

中图分类号:

X524

樊建新1，王龙龙1，程福龙1,2，黄博聪1. 河流沉积物中磷形态转化及其释放机制研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 45(7): 58-66.

Fan Jianxin1, Wang Longlong1, Cheng Fulong1,2, Huang Bocong1. Phosphorus speciation transformation and release mechanisms in river sediments[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2026, 45(7): 58-66.

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