Abstract: With the rapid development of UAV technique and improvement of image matching algorithm, UAV technology is widely used in smart city, surveying and mapping production, BIM system and other fields. The network RTK technology and PPK technology have made it possible to obtain high-precision position information for UAV images, which has provided the possibility for aerial triangulation of UAV images without ground control points. Firstly, the theoretical knowledge of aerial triangulation without ground control points was introduced. Then, the main factors (including overlap rate, oblique angle, camera model, the accuracy and weighting of exterior orientation elements and the accuracy and weighting of exterior azimuth elements) affecting the positioning accuracy of aerial triangulation were analyzed by using simulated and measured data. Finally, the project implementation suggestions of aerial triangulation without ground control points were given. The research results show that the aerial triangulation of UAV images without ground control points is possible, whose implementation depends on proper flight parameters setting, high accuracy exterior orientation elements, the optimal aerial triangulation post-processing solution and the elevation anomaly correction.

Key words: geomatics engineering, aerial triangulation without ground control points, UAV, positioning accuracy

摘要： 随着无人机技术的快速发展和影像匹配技术的进步，无人机技术被广泛应用于智慧城市、测绘生产、BIM系统等领域。网络RTK技术和PPK技术为无人机影像提供了高精度的位置信息，为无地面控制点无人机影像空三提供了可能。首先介绍了无地面控制点无人机影像空三的理论知识，接着利用模拟和实测数据对影响无人机影像空三定位精度的主要因素如重叠度与倾斜角、相机模型、外方位线元素精度与权值、外方位角元素精度与权值等进行了分析，最后对无地面控制点无人机影像空三的实施给出了工程实施建议。研究结果表明：无地面控制点无人机影像空三具有可行性，其实现取决于合适的飞行参数设置、高精度的外方位元素、最优的空三后处理解算和顾及高程异常改正。

关键词: 测绘工程, 无地面控制点空三, 无人机, 定位精度