Abstract: Relying on the slope vegetation restoration project of Wengma Railway in Guizhou, in order to select plants and substrates suitable for the area, the plant species and soil composition along the railway of the project were investigated. The trial cultivation experiments of single plant planted in different substrates and plants with different ratios planted in different substrates were carried out in the laboratory. The water retention of substrates with different ratios, the growth height of plants with different ratios, the germination rate of seeds and the shear strength of soil after the test were analyzed. The optimal substrate ratio and the best plant ratio in the experiment were selected by introducing AHP and multi-factor criterion method. Through research, it is concluded that the substrate ratio with 3% water-retaining agent, 4% vermiculite and 1% fertilizer is most suitable for plant germination, and the substrate ratio with 4% water retaining agent, 5% vermiculite and 1.5% fertilizer is most suitable for plant growth. The best combination of single plant is American ever spring and the substrate ratio with 4% water retaining agent, 5% vermiculite and 1.5% fertilizer. The best combination of mixed plants is the seed ratio of Bahia grass, green bristlegrass, clover and ryegrass and the substrate ratio with 4% water retaining agent, 5% vermiculite and 1.5% fertilizer. The shear strength of mixed plants is greater than that of single plant. Due to the different lengths of roots and whiskers of the mixed plants, the soil is combined more closely, and the shear strength of the soil is increased.

Key words: highway engineering; rocky steep slope; vegetation restoration; multi-factor criterion; plant proportion; base material ratio

摘要： 以贵州瓮马铁路瓮安站边坡绿化工程为依托，为优选出适合该地区的植物与基材，调查了铁路沿线地区植物种类、土壤组成，开展了单一植物在不同基材中种植和不同配比植物在不同基材中种植的室内试验，分析了不同配比基材的保水性及不同配比植物生长高度、种子发芽率和试验后土壤的抗剪强度；引用层次分析法（AHP）和多因素准则，对最优基材配比和最优植物配比进行了筛选。研究表明：保水剂3%，蛭石4%，肥料1%的基材配比最适宜植物发芽，保水剂4%，蛭石5%，肥料1.5%的基材配比最适宜植物生长；单种植物最优搭配为美国四季春与保水剂4%，蛭石5%，肥料1.5%的基材配比；混种植物最优组合为百喜草、狗尾草、三叶草、黑麦草的种子配比和保水剂4%，蛭石5%，肥料1.5%的基材配比；混种植物的抗剪强度大于单个植物的抗剪强度，混种植物的根须之间由于长短不同，相互结合更加紧密，增大了土体的抗剪强度。

关键词: 道路工程；岩质陡坡；植被恢复；多因素准则；植物配比；基材配比