Abstract: Driving distraction has a great impact on the drivers perception of the road environment. In order to analyze the impact of different distraction states on the the visual perception characteristics of drivers on the prairie highway, 14 drivers were selected to carry out a driving simulation test in a typical prairie highway driving scene. And the I view X HED eye tracker was used to collect drivers gaze and saccade data under three states, which included normal driving, cognitive distraction (hands-free voice) and compound distraction (receiving and sending mobile phone information). The gaze transfer theory, entropy theory and statistical methods were used to compare and analyze the typical visual characteristics indexes such as gaze duration, saccade frequency, gaze transfer probability and gaze entropy of drivers under normal driving and two different distracted states. Andrews curve was used to reduce dimension to visualize the difference of visual characteristics in different states. The data analysis results show that the average gaze duration of cognitive distraction is significantly longer than that of normal driving, while that of compound distraction is significantly shorter than that of normal driving; the saccade frequency is the highest in compound distraction and the lowest in cognitive distraction. Compared with the normal driving state, the drivers gaze transfer in cognitive distraction is more distributed among the interest areas in front of the road, the transfer paths are concentrated, and the disorder of gaze point transfer is small. The drivers transfer probability between the vehicle and the front of the road increases significantly in compound distraction, and the gaze entropy also increases dramatically. It is indicated that the effect of compound distraction is greater in terms of perceptual characteristics.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; distracted driving; visual characteristics; prairie highway; gaze entropy

摘要： 驾驶分心对驾驶人的道路行车环境感知水平有极大影响，为了分析草原公路不同分心状态对驾驶人视觉感知特性的影响，选取14名驾驶人开展典型草原公路行车场景驾驶模拟试验，使用I view X HED眼动仪采集驾驶人正常行车、认知分心（免提语音）及复合分心（接收与发送手机信息）3种状态下的注视、眼跳数据，应用注视转移理论、熵值理论及统计学方法对比分析正常驾驶及2种不同分心状态下驾驶人的注视时长、眼跳频率、注视转移概率、注视熵等典型视觉特性指标，并采用安德鲁斯曲线降维可视化不同状态下视觉特性的差异性。数据分析结果表明：认知分心时驾驶人的平均注视时长显著大于正常行驶，复合分心时则显著小于正常行驶；复合分心时眼跳频率最大，认知分心时眼跳频率最小；相较于正常行驶状态，认知分心时驾驶人注视转移更多分布在道路前方各兴趣区域间，转移路径集中，注视点转移无序性小；复合分心时驾驶人在车内与道路前方之间的转移概率显著增加，注视熵显著增加。说明就感知特性而言，复合分心影响更大。

关键词: 交通运输工程；驾驶分心；视觉特性；草原公路；注视熵