Abstract: Visual MODFLOW software was applied to numerically simulate groundwater level variations during the construction and operation of the Huayan Tunnel and Huafu Tunnel in the Zhongliangshan hydrogeological unit of Chongqing. The impact scope and self-recovery process of groundwater environment during tunnel construction and operation periods were analyzed, and the time-varying patterns of tunnel groundwater environment were revealed. The research results indicate that the greater the groundwater discharge, the longer the required remediation time. The severe impact range of groundwater environment in Huafu Tunnel is 400 meters, with a drop in precipitation funnel of 20 meters; while the severe impact range of groundwater environment in Huayan Tunnel is 900 meters, with a drop in precipitation funnel of 55 meters. The implementation of water-blocking techniques during tunnel construction results in approximately 50% water level reduction in the first year and 75% reduction in the second year. Groundwater level during tunnel construction and operation can be categorized into four stages: rapid decline period, rapid recovery period, slow recovery period, and equilibrium period.

Key words: tunnel engineering, hydrogeological unit, groundwater level field fitting technology, water level prediction in tunnel area, water level change rule, fitting equation

摘要： 应用Visual MODFLOW软件，对重庆中梁山水文地质单元——华岩、华福隧道在施工和运营过程中地下水位的变化进行了数值模拟，分析隧道施工及运营期地下水环境影响范围及自修复过程，揭示了隧道地下水环境时变规律。研究结果表明：地下水排放量越大，所需要的修复时间越长；华福隧道的地下水环境影响程度严重范围为400 m，降水漏斗降幅达20 m；华岩隧道的地下水环境影响程度严重范围为900 m，降水漏斗降幅达55 m；在隧道施工期间采用堵水技术，第一年水位下降约1/2，第二年水位下降约3/4；隧道施工和运营过程中地下水位可分为4个阶段：快速下降期、快速恢复期、缓慢恢复期和平衡期。

关键词: 隧道工程, 水文地质单元, 地下水位场拟合技术, 隧道区水位预测, 水位变化规律, 拟合方程