Abstract: The determination of the length for the acceleration lane on highway is core content of the geometric parameter design of confluence area, which directly affects the traffic efficiency and traffic safety of the confluence area. To explore the research status and development trend of the acceleration lane and rationally set up the acceleration lane, a literature review and criticism on the design of acceleration lanes, was conducted by bibliometric methods from two aspects: influencing factors and length calculation models. Aiming at different influencing factors, gap acceptance theory model, vehicle merging theory model, traffic simulation model, Breakdown probability model, reliability theory model, regression model and other calculation models of acceleration lane length were sorted out. The evaluation indexes and design problems of acceleration lanes were summarized, and the future research prospect was forecasted. The research shows that the existing relevant regulations are not comprehensive in the aspects of driving characteristics of large vehicles, driving characteristics of drivers and heterogeneous traffic flow conditions, which need to be further revised and improved. To avoid the defects of gap acceptance theory, the simple and easy-to-use Breakdown probability models and reliability theory models or highly reproducible traffic simulation models can be adopted in the future. The data-driven methods can be combined to study the acceleration lane length, so as to make it more universal and ensure the reliability of the length. The optimization of the length of the acceleration lane, the design of the gradient section and special acceleration lane for the separation of passenger and cargo, and the minimum distance between continuous entrances on the same side of the main highway are the future research directions.

Key words: highway engineering; acceleration lane; length calculation model; design influencing factors

摘要： 高速公路加速车道长度确定是合流区几何参数设计的核心内容，直接影响着合流区的通行效率和行车安全。为探究加速车道研究现状与发展趋势，合理设置加速车道，利用文献计量学方法从影响因素和长度计算模型两方面对加速车道设计相关研究进行综述和评价。针对不同影响因素，梳理了间隙接受理论模型、车辆汇入理论模型、交通仿真模型、Breakdown概率模型、可靠度理论模型、回归模型等加速车道长度计算模型，概括了加速车道评价指标和设计存在的问题，并展望了未来的研究前景。研究表明：现有的相关规范在大型车行驶特性、驾驶员驾驶特征和异质交通流条件等方面的考虑尚不全面，有待进一步修订和完善。为避免间隙接受理论的缺陷，未来可采用简单、易操作的Breakdown概率模型和可靠度理论模型或可重复性强的交通仿真模型，联合数据驱动方法对加速车道长度进行研究，使之更具普遍适用性，保障长度的可靠性。加速车道长度优化、渐变段设计、客货分离的专用加速车道设计、高速公路主线同侧连续入口最小间距等是未来的研究方向。

关键词: 道路工程；加速车道；长度计算模型；设计影响因素