Abstract: In order to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics and structural strength of the protective cover of the pantograph detection device of EMU, the flow field simulation was conducted on the protective cover installed on EMU roof, the aerodynamic loads at different speeds and motion directions were obtained. The pressure and aerodynamic resistance of the protective cover under various speeds and accelerations were tested using a dynamic model experimental platform, which verified the accuracy of the flow field simulation. Finite element analysis was conducted on the structural strength of the protective cover by taking aerodynamic and vibration loads as load inputs for structural simulation. The results show that the pressure on the windward side of the protective cover is the highest, and the pressure in the central area is greater than that in the edge area. The airflow on the leeward side separates, causing backflow and lower pressure. When the inflow velocity is positive or negative, the resistance coefficients of the protective cover with the lower base mounting flange are 0.35 and 0.32, respectively, and the resistance coefficients of the protective cover itself are 0.14 and 0.12, respectively. Under the action of aerodynamic loads, inertial loads and impact loads, the safety factor is greater than the allowable factor, and the structural strength of the protective cover meets the requirements for use.

Key words: vehicle engineering; EMU; pantograph detection device; flow field simulation; structural simulation; dynamic model experiment

摘要： 为评价动车组受电弓检测装置防护罩的气动特性与结构强度，针对安装在动车组车顶的防护罩开展流场仿真，得到不同车速及运动方向下的气动载荷，并利用动模型实验平台,测试防护罩在多种速度和加速度运行情况下的压力和气动阻力，验证流场仿真的准确性。将气动载荷和振动载荷作为结构仿真的载荷输入，对防护罩的结构强度进行有限元分析。结果表明：防护罩迎风面压力最大，且中心区域压力大于边缘区域，背风侧气流分离发生回流，压力较小；来流速度为正、负时，带有下部底座安装法兰的防护罩阻力系数分别为0.35、0.32，防护罩本身的阻力系数分别为0.14、0.12；在气动载荷、惯性载荷和冲击载荷作用下，安全系数大于许用系数，防护罩的结构强度满足使用要求。

关键词: 车辆工程；动车组；受电弓检测装置；流场仿真；结构仿真；动模型实验