Abstract: Based on the 9 meteorological elements of data and statistics taken from 30 meteorological stations between 1972 to 2012 in Heilongjiang province, the decadal meteorological elements and seasonal changes of precipitation and snow and further reveals the law of such changes were analysed. Meteorological trend rate and Mann-Kendall test were used to test the element tendency and analyze meteorological elements changing tendency and prominence. Then the mean values of meteorological elements for years from stations were treated by reverse distance weighted mean method and interpolation and contour map indicating its spatial distribution was obtained to analyze the climatic element changes in different regions. The results show that Heilongjiang experiences obvious climatic changes which vary subject to different regions and different years. The mean temperature of majority regions rises and the difference between lowest temperature and highest temperature is reducing year by year and their spatial distribution is closely related to altitude. Snow amount and precipitation increases variably year by year and precipitation decreases from central region to bilateral regions as to spatial distribution. The data from majority stations show decreased mean wind speed, relative humidify and daily sunlight hours and small-scaled evaporation. Spatial distribution differs due to different specific locations of stations.

Key words: climatology, meteorological element, change characteristics, M-K test

摘要： 基于黑龙江省1972—2012年30个气象站9个气象要素资料，统计和分析各要素的多年变化过程和年代际变化，并对降水和降雪的季节变化进行分析，进一步揭示气象要素的变化规律。采用气候倾向率和Mann-Kendall检验要素的趋势性，分析各气象要素的趋势性和显著性；最后对各站点气象要素的多年均值用反距离加权法进行插值，并得出其空间分布等值图，分析气象要素的空间变化规律。分析结果显示：黑龙江省气候变化明显，气象要素的时空变化具有地域性、年际性特征，大部分地区平均气温升高,且最低气温与最高气温的温差逐年缩小，空间分布与纬度关系较为密切；降雪量和降水量逐年波动增加，降水量空间分布为从中部地区向两侧减少；多数站点的平均风速、相对湿度、日照时数和小型蒸发量也在减小，空间分布规律因各站特殊的地理位置而具有不同的特点。

关键词: 气候学, 气象要素, 变化特征, M-K检验