Abstract: A credit-based congestion pricing ( CBCP) was presented to improve the effectiveness and social equity of the congestion pricing scheme． The CBCP allocated“credits”to low-income commuters and allows them to accumulate the credit value via giving up the tolled freeway and choosing arterial roads． The accumulated credits could be used to pay the future congestion fee on the freeway or the fare of public transit． In addition，the CBCP could be directly implemented on existing freeway without the need of extending new lanes，which was what the conventional CP does at the expense of long time and high investments． Thus，the CBCP provides higher capacity on all lanes rather than one or two lanes of the CP，and therefore CBCP could permit exemptions of buses，vans as well as carpools． To demonstrate the feasibility of the CBCP，an elaborate cost-benefit analysis was presented． The results show that the value of the benefit-cost ratio of the CBCP is higher than two schemes and rises considerably with the incremental level of congestion condition． Furthermore，a sensitivity analysis on the CBCP reveals that the speed of congested flow and the scale of the congested network have significant influences on the benefit-cost ratio of the CBCP．

Key words: congestion pricing, credit, freeway, cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis

摘要： 为改善道路拥挤收费方案的效果和社会公平性，提高方案的社会接受程度，介绍了一种基于信用的拥挤收费 方案。该方案向低收入通勤者发放“信用”，当出行者放弃收费高速公路而选择一般道路时，可累积信用值用以支 付将来使用高速公路的拥挤费或抵用公共交通车票。此外，与传统的高速公路拥挤收费方案( 例如，高占有率车道 收费) 相比，基于信用的拥挤收费方案可直接在现有高速公路上实施而不需要扩建车道，更大通行能力可允许大巴、 小巴以及合乘小汽车免费使用。为了说明方案的可行性，假设了实验网络进行方案的成本效益分析。结果显示方 案的效益成本比较高，并且拥挤程度越严重，效益成本比值越高。进一步的灵敏度分析说明，拥挤交通流速度和拥 挤道路网规模对方案的效益成本比影响最显著。

关键词: 拥挤收费, 信用, 高速公路, 成本效益分析, 灵敏度分析