Abstract: With regard to the feature of post-disaster deteriorative demand in the transportation of emergency relief, the problem of disaster-relief commodity transport with deterioration demand was studied. Total costs included the transport cost, the waiting cost caused by victims’ psychological price in waiting for commodity and the shortage cost caused by the actions of saving themselves responding to the shortage of commodity. Aiming at minimizing the total cost in the relief operation, an integer linear programming model of disaster-relief commodity transport was proposed. The deteriorative demands of damage points were analyzed, and the demand was quantified by a linear decreasing function. A case study of Ya’an earthquake illustrated the optimal solution of disaster-relief commodity transport. The research results indicate that there is trade off relation between waiting cost and shortage cost, and the relation between transport cost and shortage cost is the same.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering, emergency logistics, commodity transport, deteriorative demands, integer linear programming

摘要： 针对应急物资运输中受灾点需求退化效应特征，对受灾点需求退化条件下的应急物资运输问题进行研究；以运输成本，灾民等待物资心理代价的等待成本及缺货造成自救代价的缺货成本最小化为目标，建立一个应急物资运输的线性规划模型；对受灾点需求退化效应进行分析，以线性递减函数量化需求量；以雅安地震为背景，通过实际算例获得应急物资运输的最优方案。结果表明：等待成本和缺货成本，运输成本和缺货成本存在效益背反关系。

关键词: 交通运输工程, 应急物流, 物资运输, 需求退化效应, 线性规划