Abstract: There does not exist a continuous group utility function which results in decisions that obey both the Pareto optimality and equity criterin (Kirkwood, 1979). This paper presents away to build model which can solve efficiency and equity in group decision, the dissertation decomposes the group decision into internal decision and external decision. The former is decision about fairness, and the latter is decision about efficiency. The decision model enables the group to take into account equity consideration without sacrificing Pareto optimality. The individual utility function is aggregated to form a group utility function for the vector of pay offs, and this latter function is, in turn, used to generate a group utility function for the overall group payoff and a sharing rule for dividing the group payoff into individual payoffs. The resulting group decisions are Pareto optimal in utility space, and are equity in payoff space.

Key words: group decision making, cardinal utility functions, Pareto optimality, equity, risk averse

摘要： 提出一种解决群体决策中公平与效率的建模方法, 把群体决策问题分为群体外部决策问题和群体内部决策问题.内部决策解决公平性问题, 外部决策解决效率问题.决策模型使群体在考虑公平的同时, 不损失Pareto最优.

关键词: 群体决策, 基数效用函数, Pareto最优, 公平, 风险规避