泥石流局部阻塞大河的特点及判据研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2014.01.17

Abstract

Abstract: 针对岷江流域泥石流多半是以堰塞坝形式局部阻塞主河的现象，运用大型室内水槽试验再现交汇角为900时高容重泥石流入汇主河的过程。试验结果表明：泥石流入汇主河的运动过程是后续泥石流逐步推移龙头运动的过程；泥石流总量对堵河有重要的影响，总量越大堵河越严重；在泥石流堵河过程中，主河的流速随堵塞系数先增大后减小，当时，堰塞坝的物质流失量少，当时，堰塞坝的物质流失量严重。基于水沙动力过程，以泥石流在坡度变化沟道内的运动方程为基础，考虑堰塞坝和主河水流的相互作用，给出了泥石流在主河中运移距离的计算公式；鉴于泥石流堵塞大河过程中物质流失严重的现象，根据水槽实验数据确定了流失系数；以周必凡提出的泥石流堵断主河总量的计算公式为基础，提出了按流失系数加以修正的泥石流阻塞大河物质总量条件。从而建立了基于动力学方程、物质总量的泥石流局部阻塞大河判据。

Key words: 泥石流, 局部阻塞大河, 特点, 判据

摘要： 针对由民江流域泥石流多半是以堪塞坝形式局部阻塞主河的现象，运用大型室内水槽试验再现交、汇角为90 0 时高容重泥石流入汇主河的过程。试验结果表明:泥石流人汇主河的运动过程是后续泥石流逐步推移龙头运动的过程; 泥石流总量对堵河有重要的影响，总量越大堵河越严重;在泥石流堵河过程中，主河的流速随堵塞系数R 先增大后减小，当R<0.8 时，堪塞坝的物质流失量少，当R~0.8 时，堪塞坝的物质流失量严重。基于水沙动力过程，以泥石流在坡度变化沟道内的运动方程为基础，考虑堪塞坝和主河水流的相互作用，给出了泥石流在主河中运移距离的计算公式;鉴于泥石流堵塞大河过程中物质流失严重的现象，根据水槽实验数据确定了流失系数;以周必凡提出的泥石流堵断主河总量的计算公式为基础，提出了按流失系数加以修正的泥石流阻塞大河物质总量条件。建立了基于动力学方程、物质总量的泥石流局部阻塞大河判据。

关键词: 泥石流, 局部阻塞大河, 特点, 判据

CLC Number:

P642.22

刘翠容，杜翠. 泥石流局部阻塞大河的特点及判据研究[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science), 2014, 33(1): 79-84.

Liu Cuirong，Du Cui. Study on the Features and Criteria of Debris Flow Partially Blocking Big River[J]. 重庆交通大学学报（自然科学版）, 2014, 33(1): 79-84.

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