Abstract: In order to satisfy the service demands from taxi drivers about eating, taking a break, parking and so on, and to improve the operating efficiencies and operation effectiveness of taxi business, it is necessary to carry out a research on location method of taxi service stations. Firstly, the spatial distribution characteristics of service demands of taxi service stations were analyzed, including the use of kernel density estimation method to analyze the service hotspots location and the use of fractal theory to analyze the coordination between the service demands distribution and urban morphology, and then the service station candidates were determined. Then, a location model of taxi service station was established. The maximum coverage of service demand was taken as the objective function, and the factors such as the number of service stations, service capacity, service scope and coverage demand ratio were taken as constraints. The optimal location analysis was carried out, and the relationship between the service capacity of service station and the satisfaction of service demand was discussed. Finally, taking the survey on location of taxi service station in Liuzhou as an example, the rationality and feasibility of the proposed model was verified. The results indicate that the proposed location method can better meet the development needs of taxi industry, especially service stations, and provide some useful references for the facilities planning of urban transportation.

Key words: traffic engineering, taxi service stations, location model, service demands, service capabilities, kernel density estimation, fractal theory

摘要： 为满足出租汽车驾驶员的就餐、休息、停车等服务需求，提高出租汽车运营效率并改善经营效益，有必要针对出租汽车服务站的选址方法开展研究。首先分析了出租汽车服务站服务需求的空间分布特征，包括采用核密度估计法分析服务热点位置，以及采用分形理论分析服务需求分布与城市空间形态之间的协调性，进而确定服务站候选点。然后建立了出租汽车服务站选址模型，将最大覆盖服务需求作为目标函数，将服务站建设数量、服务能力、服务范围以及覆盖需求比例等作为约束条件，开展最优化选址分析，并讨论了服务站提供服务能力与满足服务需求之间的相互关系。最后，以柳州出租汽车服务站选址调查为例，验算了模型的合理性及可行性。结果表明：该选址方法可以较好地满足出租汽车行业尤其是服务场站的发展需求，并为城市交通设施规划提供有益参考。

关键词: 交通工程, 出租汽车服务站, 选址模型, 服务需求, 服务能力, 核密度估计, 分形理论