Abstract: With the rapid increase of highway tunnel mileage in China, the problems such as high energy consumption, low quality of lighting and frequent traffic accidents in the operation become increasingly prominent. Based on the current lighting design and operation status of highway tunnels, the indoor simulation of lighting environment of highway tunnels was carried out with the perspectives of drivers “static spatial visual perception” and “dynamic luminance adaptation”. The effects of environmental parameters such as the spectral power distribution (SPD) and the correlated color temperature (CCT) on the visual state of the tested subjects were quantitatively characterized by visual performance based on reaction times. The results show that in the interior zone of highway tunnels (especially long and extra-long tunnels), the visual performance of the tested subject increases with SPD of the light environment in the visual field perception domain, that is SPD1, SPD2 and SPD3 in turn, and increases with the increase of CCT of the environment. The visual performance corresponding to the visual task is significantly lower than that corresponding to other tasks when the luminance gradient decreases. The short adaptation time under the dynamic dark adaptation helps to enhance the tested subjects visual performance in the process of decreasing the luminance gradient. The maximum spectral sensitivity of the drivers vision system gradually transits to the shortwave direction under the characteristics of dynamic dark adaptation.

Key words: tunnel engineering, lighting evaluation, indoor simulation, static and dynamic lighting environment, visual performance

摘要： 随着我国公路隧道里程急剧增加，运营过程中照明能耗大、质量低、交通事故频发等问题日趋突出。笔者结合当前公路隧道照明设计和运营现状，从驾驶员视觉“静态空间视野感知”和“动态视亮度适应”这2个角度开展公路隧道光环境室内仿真，以基于反应时间的视觉功效定量表征公路隧道照明光环境参量如相对光谱能量分布、环境相对色温等对被测样本视觉状态的影响。实验结果表明：在公路隧道(尤其是长、特长隧道)中间段，被测人员的视觉功效随视野感知域内光环境相对光谱能量分布SPD1、SPD2、SPD3依次升高，随环境相对色温的升高而升高，亮度梯度降低时刻视觉目标所对应的视觉功效显著低于其它目标对应的视觉功效，动态暗适应下短暂的适应时间有助于提升被测样本在亮度梯度降低过程中的视觉功效；动态暗适应下驾驶员视觉系统光谱灵敏度最大值逐渐向短波方向过渡。

关键词: 隧道工程, 照明评价, 室内仿真, 静、动态光环境, 视觉功效