Abstract: Taking the four-wheel wheel-driven electric bus as the research object, the slip rate was proposed as the evaluation index of the electronic differential, according to the working principle of the mechanical differential. The steering simulation experiment was carried out on the joint electric vehicle simulation platform established by trucksim and MATLAB/simulink, and the steering simulation experiment on the vehicle was carried out from the level of vehicle dynamics. The influence of the working conditions and the vehicle structure parameters on the electronic differential was studied. Through the simulation, the change rules of the inside and outside slip rate of the driven wheel changing with the vehicle speed, the steering wheel angle, the centroid height, the distance from centroid to the front axle and the change of the sprung mass were obtained. The research results show that: as the vehicle speed and steering wheel angle continue to increase, the slip rate of the four wheels increases; with the increase of the centroid height, the slip rate of left steering wheel increases and that of right steering wheel decreases; with the increase of the distance from centroid to the front axle, the slip rate of front axle wheel increases and that of rear axle wheel decreases; with the increase of the sprung mass, the slip rates of the four wheels all increase. Moreover, with the increase of vehicle speed and steering wheel angle, the increase of wheel slip rate is greater. The influence analysis of the obtained electronic differential changing with the working conditions and structure parameters is of guiding significance for the further study of the electronic differential control strategy.

Key words: vehicle engineering, electric vehicle, electronic differential, wheel drive, slip rate

摘要： 以四轮轮边驱动电动客车为研究对象，根据机械差速器工作原理提出以滑转率作为电子差速的评价指标。在trucksim和MATLAB/simulink建立的联合电动汽车仿真平台上进行转向仿真实验，从整车动力学层面对车辆进行转向仿真实验，研究工况条件和整车结构参数对电子差速的影响。通过仿真得出驱动轮内侧、外侧滑转率随车速、方向盘转角、质心高度、质心到前轴的距离、簧上质量改变的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着车速、方向盘转角不断增大，4个车轮滑转率不断增大；质心高度增大，转向左侧车轮的滑转率增大，转向右侧车轮的滑转率减小；质心到前轴距离的增大，前轴量车轮滑转率增大，后轴量车轮滑转率减小；随着簧上质量的增大，4个车轮的滑转率都增大，并且随着车速和方向盘转角的增大，车轮滑移率的增加量越大。所得到的电子差速随工况和结构参数的影响分析对进一步研究电子差速控制策略具有指导意义。

关键词: 车辆工程, 电动汽车, 电子差速, 轮边驱动, 滑转率