Abstract: By analyzing the characteristics of the visual reference system of the tunnel entrance, a visual reference column that could establish a strong visual reference system at the tunnel entrance was proposed to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the drives visual reference at the tunnel entrance and improve the driving safety at the tunnel entrance. Based on the statistical analysis of the tunnel cross-section size and the deviation of the driving track caused by the side wall effect when the driver entered the tunnel, combined with the psychological and physiological characteristics of the driver, the recommended length of the transition section of the tunnel entrance pavement width change section was proposed. Moreover, the calculation model of the length and spacing of the visual reference columns inside and outside the tunnel entrance was established. The research results show that the length of the visual reference column setting outside the tunnel entrance should be 200 m, the one inside the tunnel entrance should be 250 m, and the setting interval should be 22 m.

Key words: highway engineering; tunnel entrance; continuous visual reference system; visual reference column length; visual reference column spacing

摘要： 为保证驾驶人在隧道入口的视觉参照的连续性、准确性，提高隧道入口的行车安全，通过对隧道入口视觉参照系的特性进行研究分析，提出了一种能在隧道入口建立强视觉参照系的视觉参照柱。在统计分析隧道横断面尺寸、驾驶人进入隧道时由于侧墙效应引起驾驶人行车轨迹的偏移的基础上，结合驾驶人的心理、生理特性，提出了隧道入口路面宽度变化段的过渡段长度建议值，建立了在隧道洞口内外布设视觉参照柱的长度、间距计算模型。研究结果表明：在隧道洞口外视觉参照柱布设的长度宜为200 m，隧道洞口内布设长度宜为250 m，布设间距宜为22 m。

关键词: 道路工程；隧道入口；连续视觉参考系；视觉参照柱长度；视觉参照柱间距