Abstract: Liaodong Bay is enclosed on three sides by land, with strong closure of the sea area, poor seawater exchange and weak fluidity, which causes the sea ice in this region to easily accumulate and form considerable thickness in winter, making it as one of the regions with the highest risk of sea ice disasters in northern China. The potential hazards posed by ice conditions directly threaten the navigation safety of non-icebreaking vessels. To address the safety needs of vessels navigating under ice conditions in this sea area, the numerical simulation of the collision process between a 38,000-ton bulk carrier and sea ice was conducted by the nonlinear finite element method, taking into account the characteristics of sea ice, the thickness and strength of ship steel. In the simulation, two key variables, namely ship navigation speed and ice thickness, were focused, and their impact rules on the collision damage of the ships bow structure, collision force and energy absorption were analyzed. The simulation results indicate that during the ship-ice collision process, collision force, energy absorption, and structural damage stress of the ship increase with the increase of navigation speed and ice thickness. When the ice thickness is 0.2 m, no plastic deformation occurs in the ships bow structure under the working conditions at the navigation speed of 3 knots, 4 knots and 5 knots, allowing for safe navigation. However, when the ice thickness exceeds 0.3 m, varying degrees of plastic deformation in the bow structure are observed.

Key words: ship engineering; ship ice collision; Liaodong Bay; nonlinear finite element method; numerical simulation; energy analysis

摘要： 辽东湾三面环陆，海域封闭性强，海水交换不畅且流动性弱，使得该区域冬季海冰易积聚并形成较大厚度，成为我国北方海冰灾害风险最高的海域之一，其存在的冰情隐患对非破冰船的通航安全构成直接威胁。针对该海域冰情下船舶航行安全的需求，结合海冰特性、 船舶钢材厚度与强度，采用非线性有限元法，对38 000 t某散货船和海冰碰撞过程进行数值模拟，模拟中重点考虑船舶航速和冰厚两个关键变量，分析其对船首结构碰撞损伤、 碰撞力及能量吸收的影响规律。仿真实验结果表明：在船冰碰撞过程中，碰撞力、 能量吸收和船舶结构损伤应力随航速提升和冰厚的增加而变大，当冰厚0.2 m时，航速3、 4、 5 kn工况下未对船首结构造成塑性变形，可以安全航行，当冰厚超过0.3 m时，对船首结构造成了不同程度的塑性变形。

关键词: 船舶工程；船冰碰撞；辽东湾；非线性有限元方法；数值模拟；能量分析