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17 January 2022, Volume 41 Issue 01 Previous Issue   
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Transportation+Big Data & Artificial Intelligence
Transportation Infrastructure Engineering
Transportation Equipment


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Transportation+Big Data & Artificial Intelligence

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Safety Evaluation of Car-Following Behavior Based on NGSIM Micro Trajectory Data CHEN Jingxu1, CHENG Wenyu1, WAN Jian2, WANG Yiran1 2022, 41(01): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   Car-following behavior is one of the most fundamental behaviors in micro traffic flow. The NGSIM trajectory data was employed to analyze the micro characteristics of the car-following behavior, and the influencing factors and causes of car-following behavior from safe state to dangerous state were analyzed. Time to collision (TTC) was selected as the safety index. The number of TTCs in different states was used as the dependent variable, and the micro characteristics such as speed, acceleration, and acceleration difference were used as independent variables, and four thresholds were set for regression analysis. Results show that the biggest factor affecting the following behavior from safe state to dangerous state is the speed difference between the front and rear vehicles, followed by the distance between the front and rear vehicles. However, when there are a large number of following behaviors, the distance between the front and rear vehicles has a greater impact, and the micro characteristics of the rear vehicle have more impact on this than the front vehicle. In order to keep the car-following behavior within a safe state, the speed, acceleration, acceleration difference of the leading cars, and the distance between the leading and following cars should be increased. At the same time, the acceleration, acceleration difference of the following cars, and the speed difference between the leading and following cars should be reduced. Considering the continuity of traffic flow, on the whole, the speed difference between the leading and following cars should be narrowed, sudden acceleration fluctuations should be avoided, and more attentions should be paid to maintain the proper distance between the leading and following cars and strengthen the control of the following cars. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risky Driving Behavior of E-Bike Based on Multiple Regression Analysis ZHOU Dan, CHANG Mengying, GU Guobin, LI Wenyong 2022, 41(01): 7-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   In order to clarify the impact of risky driving behavior of electric bicycle drivers on driving safety, combining with the questionnaire survey of Guilin city, the impact of safety knowledge, safety attitude and risk perception on risky driving behavior was studied by using multiple regression analysis. Through modeling analysis, it could be found that 60.1% of the variation of aggressive behavior could be explained by “responsibility attitude”, “group behavior attitude” and “worry and concern scale”; 48.5% of the variation of negligent behavior was caused by the variation of “age”, “safety knowledge” and “responsibility attitude”; 55% of the variation of illegal behavior was caused by the variation of “age”, “illegal attitude”, “group behavior attitude” and “worry and concern scale”. The results show that obvious “group behavior attitude” has a significant impact on the occurrence of aggressive behavior; safety knowledge has a significant negative impact on unintentional negligence, but it has little impact on intentional violations and aggressive behavior. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause Analysis of Typical Critical Scenarios Based on Naturalistic Driving Data FENG Shumin, WU Di, SUN Yali 2022, 41(01): 13-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (4231KB) ( )   To explore the main influencing factors and the interaction of factors in dangerous driving conditions of urban traffic, the driving tests were carried out on urban roads in Harbin and the naturalistic driving data were collected. The influencing factors of 20 dangerous working conditions were extracted, and an improved DEMATEL-ISM model was constructed to quantify the correlation and importance of each cause. For the two typical risk scenarios of pedestrian and non-motor vehicle lateral conflict and front vehicle lane change conflict, combined with the hierarchical structure diagram output by the model, the complexity network value of the influencing factors of the two risk scenarios was analyzed. The deep inducing factors, direct influencing factors and core influencing factors of the two kinds of critical scenarios were obtained, and the formation links of the two dangerous scenarios were summarized. Through comparison, it is found that the deep inducing factors of the two types of dangerous conditions are mainly the interaction of road state and traffic control, while there are significant differences in direct influencing factors, core influencing factors and scene forming links. It is found that the in-depth inducing factors of the two types of dangerous conditions are mainly the intersection of road conditions and traffic control, but the direct influence factors, core influence factors and scene formation links show significant differences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risky Vehicle Identification Method Based on Knowledge Graph Reasoning YU Shanchuan, XIE Yaohua, CHEN Chen, ZHOU Jian 2022, 41(01): 22-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (3610KB) ( )   In order to quickly identify highway risk vehicles, the potential relationship between multiple historical information of highway vehicles and safety risk was studied by using the identification method of knowledge graph reasoning. Firstly, the types of risk vehicles and the sources of text data were determined, and a representation learning model considering 1-to-N, N-to-1 and N-to-N relationships was established. Then, aiming at minimizing the logarithmic loss, the sample training was carried out based on the open world hypothesis. Finally, the random walk reasoning model was used for knowledge reasoning, and the knowledge graph of highway risk vehicles was constructed. The results show that the proposed model can balance the accuracy and efficiency, and effectively identify the potential risks of expressway operation. The knowledge graph technology in the field of semantic relationship recognition can be applied to the early warning and control of highway operation risk. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-objective Optimization of Railway Emergency Resource Dispatching for Multiple Accident Points Based on Priority TANG Zhaoping1, YU Shijun1, GONG Suping2, SUN Jianping1 2022, 41(01): 29-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (502KB) ( )   When multiple emergencies occur simultaneously in the railway regional network, the emergency resource reserve may be insufficient. Combining the improved analytic hierarchy process with grey clustering analysis method, the priority of rescue in multiple accident points was proposed. A multi-objective programming model for railway emergency resource dispatch was established, which had the shortest total dispatch time, the least total dispatch costs and the minimum total penalty costs (the further loss caused by the failure to meet a certain type of emergency resources). Furthermore, the priority parameters were introduced into the proposed model to obtain the emergency scheduling scheme of multiple accident points, and the problem of competition-conflict of emergency resources among railway multiple accident points at the initial rescue stage was solved. Taking the road network within the jurisdiction of a railway bureau as an example for empirical analysis, the research results show that the optimal dispatching scheme from each emergency rescue base to each accident point can be obtained by solving the multi-objective programming mathematical model with genetic algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness and scientificity of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Signal Area Coordination Control Model Based on PSO-X Algorithm XU Jianmin1, ZHOU Chuan1, SHOU Yanfang2 2022, 41(01): 38-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   In order to improve the traffic efficiency in urban traffic areas and prevent vehicles from queuing too long on the road section, a traffic regional intersection coordinated control model was established, which aimed at the three performance indexes such as regional output traffic flow, intersection section queue length and total delay and considered the constraints of phase green light time and relative phase difference at each intersection. Firstly, the relative phase difference between adjacent intersections was calculated through the upstream and downstream relationship, and then the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the proposed model to obtain the optimal period. The simulation test results show that the proposed coordinated control model can effectively reduce the delay in the traffic area, reduce the queue length and increase the output of traffic volume. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intelligent Control Strategy of Intersection Based on Gap Theory under Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Environment PAN Fuquan, ZHANG You, ZHANG Lixia, YANG Jinshun, YANG Xiaoxia 2022, 41(01): 44-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (3842KB) ( )   In order to realize the intelligent traffic control and improve the efficiency of road intersection under vehicle-infrastructure cooperative environment, an intelligent control strategy of intersection based on gap theory was proposed. The conflict area range calculation model for different types of conflict points at intersections was established, and the mathematical models of vehicle clearance control and vehicle state adjustment were developed. The rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model were verified by joint simulation of VISSIM and MATLAB. The results show that the proposed model can realize intelligent control of the intersection, make the conflicting vehicles pass through the conflict points alternately, and realize the safe passing through the intersection without stopping. Compared with the traditional signal control, the proposed intelligent control strategy can significantly reduce the travel time and delay time of vehicles passing through the intersection, and effectively reduce the vehicle pollutant emission and fuel consumption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross-Boundary Detection Algorithm for Engineering Ships Based on Point Inclusive Detection PAN Wei, XIE Xinlian, LI Meng 2022, 41(01): 53-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (2812KB) ( )   In the crowded channel, there is a high risk of collision between the construction engineering ship and the sailing ship. The navigable waters management department will limit the work of the engineering vessel during the peak period of navigation vessels. In order to find the possible construction engineering ships in the channel during the traffic control period in time, detecting the relationship between the ship position of the construction ship and the traffic control area is one of the reasonable and effective ways. In the process of system monitoring, each update of the system required real-time data acquisition, decoding, loading and other operations, which consumed relatively fixed time. Therefore, improving the operation efficiency of the detection algorithm was an effective way to optimize the performance of the monitoring system. Therefore, the operation efficiency of ray method was improved by rotating the region model to obtain the best inspection angle and optimize the judgment conditions of ray method. Research results show that the optimized ray method has higher operation efficiency and stability, and its operation efficiency is improved by about 35.51% compared with the traditional ray method. Compared with the ray method of vertical setting ray, its operation efficiency is improved by 25.68% and is more stable. When the acquisition and decoding time of ship position message cannot be reduced, the efficiency and stability of the improved algorithm can help the monitoring system complete the cross-boundary detection task of ship position within the specified time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transportation Infrastructure Engineering

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Residual Stress Distribution Characteristics of Arc Notches of Steel Bridge Transverse Diaphragms DU Baisong, XU Zhenbo, ZHOU Wenjing, ZHONG Zhiquan 2022, 41(01): 59-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (6200KB) ( )   To study the distribution characteristics of residual stress at welding holes and arc-shaped incisions of orthotropic steel bridge diaphragms, a three-dimensional finite element model of the weld joints of the roof, longitudinal ribs and transverse diaphragms was established. Based on the thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method, the numerical simulation of welding dynamic process was carried out, the dynamic change process of temperature field and stress field was analyzed, and the correctness of finite element calculation was verified by the measured data. The results show that the transverse residual stress is significantly affected by the initial residual stress of the roof and longitudinal rib weld within 20 mm of the weld seam distance from the arc starting end, and the farther the weld distance is from the initial fillet weld, the less the initial stress influences the residual stress. The residual stress amplitude of longitudinally ribbed diaphragm weld by indirect welding is small. The distribution trend of tangential stress at the measuring points of 0~180° in arc-cut conforms to the law of cosine function change in a period. Among them, the tangential stress at the measuring points parallel to the normal and longitudinal ribs is the largest. The variation of diaphragm thickness has no obvious effect on the residual stress of the welded hole position. The extreme values of residual stress and stress gradient at the through welding hole on the lower surface of top plate are located at the welding toe and welding root of the arc starting end of the diaphragm respectively. Without affecting the structural integrity of steel bridge panel, the radius of through welding hole can be increased to reduce the opening residual stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural Damage Identification Method Based on the Most Valuable Player Algorithm MIAO Bingrong, PENG Qiming, YANG Shuwang, LUO Yaoxiang, QIU Yangzhe 2022, 41(01): 67-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (1821KB) ( )   Since the inverse problem of damage identification can be regarded as an optimization problem, the most valuable player optimization algorithm was proposed for the structural damage identification. A new objective function was defined for the natural frequency and mode shape of the structure by using the statistical analysis method of root mean square data, and the penalty function was introduced to reduce the misidentification information. Finally, the most valuable player algorithm was used to identify the location and degree of structural damage. A simply supported beam and a truss structure were numerically analyzed, and the identification effects under different objective functions were compared. The influence of uncertainty and noise was considered. The research results show that the proposed new objective function can provide more accurate and reliable damage identification results than other objective functions do. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Damping Analysis of Cable-Inertial Damper System LIU Jing1, LIANG Dong1,2 2022, 41(01): 76-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (3548KB) ( )   A new type of inertial damper for cable was proposed, which was composed of gear rack, inertial element and viscous damping element. The dampers theoretical design method was given, and its energy dissipation mechanism was pointed out. The cable-inertial damper systems in-plane motion equation was established. Using the complex modal analysis method, the single-order vibration reduction performance analysis and multi-order broad-spectrum vibration reduction performance analysis of cable-inertial damper system was carried out. The results show that the inertial damper has a good damping effect on the cables single-order vibration, with the first-order vibrations modal damping up to 6.14, the second-order vibrations modal damping up to 5.17 and the third-order modal damping up to 3.66. The single-order damping capacity of the inertial damper is one order of magnitude higher than the ordinary viscous damper. In terms of broad-spectrum vibration reduction, such as considering the first four vibration modes, when the mass ratio μ is at 0.1 and 0.2, the vibration reduction effect of inertia damper is greatly improved compared with that of ordinary viscous damper. When the damper is installed at 3% cable length, the first four order broad-spectrum vibration reduction effect increases by 14.6%. However, attention should also be paid to the “embedding effect” of inertial damper on high-order vibration modes. When the mass ratio μ is at 0.5 and 0.8, the inertial damper has a suppression effect on the higher-order modal damping. In this case, the first eight order of broad-spectrum vibration reduction design cannot be carried out. According to the analysis in this study, after multi-parameter tuning such as the inertial, viscous damping coefficient and installation position, a corresponding inertial damper is designed for the cable in a practical project and its broad-spectrum characteristics are also better than those of the ordinary viscous dampers, which verifies the feasibility of the application in real bridge. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Crack Identification Method of Subway Tunnel Based on Improved Otsu Method ZHANG Zhenhai, JIA Zhengman, JI Kun 2022, 41(01): 84-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (16192KB) ( )   Aiming at the problems of uneven illumination and complex noise of the crack images collected in the subway tunnel environment, a method combining Mask uniform light with adaptive grayscale stretching was used to improve the contrast of the crack image. By detecting the noise points of the pixels and only operating on the effective pixels in the filtering window, it was possible to filter out a lot of noise while protecting the details of the crack edges. Canny edge detection and Otsu method were combined to segment the filtered image, remove isolated noise and perform morphological connection to obtain a complete binary image of the crack area. Combined with the crack skeleton diagram, the crack length, width and area were calculated. The research results show that compared with the commonly used methods, the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance image contrast and filter noise, and can accurately identify the crack area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shear Stress Analysis of Bending Anchorage Section of Prestressed Anchor Cable in Soft Rock and Soil YE Hong1,2, LI Yan1,2 2022, 41(01): 91-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (1417KB) ( )   In order to study the anchorage mechanism of prestressed cable in soft rock and soil more accurately, the theoretical solution of the tangential shear stress at any point on the inner and outer curves of the bending anchorage section of the anchor cable were derived, which was based on the coupling effect between prestressing force of anchor cable and creep of soft rock and soil as well as combined with Boussinesq-Flamant solution and the plane stress state analysis of any point. A case study was carried out. The results show that the peak value of tangential shear stress on the inner and outer curves of the bending anchorage section of the anchor cable is positively correlated with the initial prestress F0 and negatively correlated with the bending radius R of anchorage segment. And the peak value of tangential shear stress of the inner curve in the bending anchorage section of the anchor cable is larger than that of the outer curve, and is mainly concentrated within 0.5m of the anchorage section. The research results complement and perfect the anchorage mechanism of prestressed cable in soft rock and soil. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil Pressure of Finite Soil Mass Foundation Considering Displacement Effect FANG Tao1, RAN Jingnian1, LIU Chun2, ZHANG Ting1, XU Xiang1 2022, 41(01): 96-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (6575KB) ( )   Since the classical earth pressure theory assumes that the soil behind the wall is a semi-infinite soil, it is no longer applicable to the problem of earth pressure in the case of finite soil. Using the developed earth pressure test model device, a set of indoor model tests with different excavation depths were carried out, and the earth pressure distribution change from a static state to a stable non-limiting state after excavation was measured by using a miniature earth pressure box. On this basis, it was compared with the theoretical calculation method to further analyze the influence of displacement on the earth pressure in the case of limited soil. The research results show that when the displacement is not considered in the case of finite soil, the change law of the soil pressure curve behind the side pile of the finite soil of the foundation pit is consistent with that of the semi-infinite soil side in a non-limiting state, and the overall earth pressure behind the pile is larger than that of the semi-infinite soil. the variation characteristics of the horizontal displacement curve of the finite soil side are consistent with those of the semi-infinite soil, but the overall horizontal displacement of the pile is smaller than that of the semi-infinite soil, and the maximum displacement of the finite soil side is 45.16% smaller than that of the semi-infinite soil. The soil pressure of the finite soil behind the pile decreases with the increase of the horizontal displacement of the pile, which satisfies the calculation model of the earth pressure under the non-limit state. When the displacement considered, the earth pressure on both sides of the foundation pit decreases with the increase degee of the displacement of the supporting piles, and the decrease of the finite soil side is smaller than that of the semi-infinite soil side. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Investigation on Deformation Compatibility for Foamed Lightweight Soil Used as Backfill of Pipe Trench WEI Limin1, LI Hongquan2, HE Qun1, LIAO Pengqing1, JU Jiajia1 2022, 41(01): 103-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (1888KB) ( )   To study the deformation compatibility between pipe trench backfill and road structure, the field test on deformation compatibility for foamed lightweight soil used as backfill of rainwater pipe trench was carried out. The deformation compatibility characteristics between foamed lightweight soil backfill and HDPE pipe as well as soil around the trench were investigated, and the development trend of relative displacement between cushion layer and base layer, the foamed lightweight soil and pipe as well as the pipe trench interface during the process of trench backfill and subgrade filling was analyzed. The results shows that the foamed lightweight soil backfill is closely integrated with the pipe trench, while voids may occur between backfill and HDPE pipe top, base layer and cushion layer. The measured maximum void on the pipe top shall not exceed 4.00 mm, and pipe ring with larger stiffness can be selected for void prevention in subsequent design. To avoid the void between the cushion layer and base layer, it is recommended that the high-quality clay with a thickness of not less than 25 cm can be used as cushion layer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental Impact Assessment of Phosphogypsum Lime Stabilized Soil Based on LCA PENG Bo1, ZHANG Jing1, YANG Zhengwen2, HE Juan3, ZHAO Hongwei4 2022, 41(01): 111-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (881KB) ( )   Life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to evaluate the phosphorus gypsum lime stabilized soil subgrades impact on the environment. On the premise of determining the scope of its impact on the environment, the impact of materials on the environment in the life cycle was analyzed and a list was given. Furtherly, the environmental impact types were divided into 6 types, and each type of environmental impact was quantitatively analyzed. The weight of each environmental impact was determined based on analytic hierarchy process, and the calculation of total environmental load of phosphogypsum lime stabilized soil subgrade was completed. Calculation results confirm that the core link affecting the total environmental load mainly lies in the binder production link, which accounts for 90.32% of the total environmental load in the life cycle. And the corresponding solution measures are proposed, such as using the clean energy, optimizing the proportion and strengthening the supervision of construction quality, which can effectively reduce the phosphorus gypsum lime stabilized soil subgrades impact on the environment in the process of actual use, and is of great significance for environmental coordination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Micro Phase Separation of Polyurethane by 2D-IR Spectroscopy CAO Xuejuan1,2, MIAO Chengcheng2, WU Yan2 2022, 41(01): 116-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (2256KB) ( )   In this study, polyether diol(PPG) was used as a soft segment and the ratio of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) was controlled to synthesize the polyurethane with different soft and hard segments. The crystallinity of polyurethane microcrystalline zone was studied by XRD. FT-IR and 2D-IR were used to analyze the hydrogen bond interaction at NH and CO base peak of polyurethane. The results showed that it was found that the crystallinity of hard segment increased from 0.49% to 8.95%, the hard segment content grew from 33% to 67% and the hydrogen bond interaction in hard segment increased significantly. The hydrogen bonding between hard segments of polyurethane mainly included the disordered phase hydrogen bonding, and the ordered phase hydrogen bonding mainly existed between the soft and hard segments; in the 2D-IR asynchronous spectrum of CO peak, with an increase of hard segment content, the hydrogen bonding between ordered phase was enhanced which was beneficial to the formation of hard segment microcrystalline region, and then the disordered phase hydrogen bonds were formed at the interface of soft segments and hard segments. At the same time, shore hardness test also showed that with the an increase of hard segment content, the aggregation micro area of hard segment in PU film increased and the hardness of PU film increased significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on Properties of Gussasphlat GA and GMA YAN Dongbo1,3, LIN Luyu2, ZHANG Junbo2, LIU Yan3, YANG Qingguo1 2022, 41(01): 122-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (418KB) ( )   Gussasphalt GA and GMA have their own performance evaluation systems respectively. The two sets of technical performance evaluation systems were combined, and the mix proportion design of GA and GMA and the performance verification of the combined technical index system were completed respectively. The results show that when the Liuer liquidity of the two is equal, the penetration test results at 60 ℃, the ultimate bending strain at -10 ℃, the rut dynamic stability at 60 ℃ and impact toughness at 15 ℃ of GA are significantly better than those of GMA. However, the Marshall stability at 60 ℃ and hardness at 35 ℃ of GA are worse than those of GMA. The comprehensive comparison shows that the overall performance of GA is better than that of GMA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transportation Equipment

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Influence of Horizontal Tire Structure Forms on the Running Stability of Straddle Monorail Vehicles DU Zixue1, CHANG Cong1, YANG Zhen1, WANG Linfeng2 2022, 41(01): 127-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1931KB) ( )   In order to improve the running stability of straddle type monorail vehicle, the influence of horizontal tire structure on the running stability of monorail vehicle was studied. A multi-rigid body dynamic model of straddle type monorail vehicle was established, and the Sperling index was used as the evaluation standard of running stability. The running stability of monorail vehicle with radial tire and bias tire under different loads and running speeds was analyzed respectively. The analysis shows that: under different speed and load conditions, the lateral stability of the vehicle equipped with radial tire horizontal wheel is better than that of the vehicle equipped with bias tire horizontal wheel; the vertical stability of the vehicle equipped with radial tire is better than that of the vehicle equipped with bias tire in the common running speed range; changing radial tire horizontal wheel can improve the running stability of the vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Time Synchronization of ATS Algorithm in Four-Wheel Independent Steering XIAO Guangbing1, JI Gan1, SUN Ning1, ZHANG Yong1, CHEN Yong2 2022, 41(01): 133-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (2527KB) ( )   Based on the time synchronization process of on-board can network during four-wheel independent steering, the time synchronization performance of distributed hub motor is deduced by using average time synchronization (ATS) algorithm. It is proved that the use of ATS algorithm in vehicle can network will invalidate the time synchronization of distributed steering wheel hub motor. In order to suppress the divergence of time synchronization in the process of four-wheel independent steering, the ATS algorithm is modified and improved, and conduct the simulation test. The results show that the improved ATS algorithm can effectively suppress the divergence of four-wheel independent steering time synchronization in the process of four-wheel independent steering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Topology Optimization Design of Planetary Carrier of Wind Power Gearbox Based on Response Surface Method LEI Lin1, DING Mingze1, HU Hongwei2, ZHANG Min1, HOU Yixin2 2022, 41(01): 143-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2022.01.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (8006KB) ( )   Planetary carrier is a key part of planetary gear transmission. Its self weight, stress distribution and deformation have great influence on planetary gear meshing. In order to improve the comprehensive performance of a certain type of wind turbine gearbox planetary carrier, topology optimization was carried out based on response surface method, and finite element analysis was also carried out. The optimal scheme of this type of planetary carrier structure was obtained by taking the structural lightweight, reducing the maximum von Mises stress and reducing the maximum deformation as the optimization objectives. The final topology optimization results show that the self-weight of this type of planet carrier can be reduced by 2.35%, the maximum von Mises stress value can be reduced by 20.58%, the deformation can be reduced by 7.87%, and the comprehensive performance of the planet carrier has been improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics