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23 July 2025, Volume 44 Issue 7 Previous Issue   
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Transportation Equipment
Highway & Railway Engineering
Transportation+Big Data & Artificial Intelligence


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Transportation Equipment

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Design of Heavy-Load Suspended Tanker and Structural Optimization of the Bogie Frame JIANG Yongzhi1,2,3, WANG Dong2, LIU Wenjie2, GONG Rui2, WU Pingbo1 2025, 44(7): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (4951KB) ( )   Suspended monorail trains have established mature technological frameworks in the field of passenger transport, yet significant gaps persist in freight applications, particularly for heavy-load transportation. Current suspended trains are mostly limited to low-speed light-load scenarios on the ground and underground, leaving potential aerial transport underdeveloped. In response to heavy-load transportation demands, the heavy-load suspension tanker was redesigned around the bogie, oil tank suspension device, oil tank and traction system. The bogie was the critical load-bearing and operational element of heavy-load suspended tankers, and its strength directly determined the operational safety of trains. The bogie not only withstood all the weight from the vehicle and cargo but also had to deal with complex operating environments such as curved driving, ramp driving, and possible impacts and vibrations. Therefore, the design of the bogie must ensure sufficient strength and stiffness under various working conditions to avoid structural failure and ensure transportation continuity. Through constructing multi-condition strength analysis models (static/straight /curve/uphill), it is verified that the bogie has a high safety margin and further optimization space. And based on this, topology optimization with the goal of reducing quality was carried out, ultimately achieving the goal of reducing architecture weight by 22.08%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning for Intelligent Vehicles Based on Multi-objective Optimization TIAN Guofu, ZHU Haochen, CHANG Tiangen, ZHENG Jiaqiang 2025, 44(7): 7-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (2330KB) ( )   To enhance the safety of autonomous vehicles during obstacle avoidance, an obstacle avoidance path planning method based on multi-objective optimization was proposed. Firstly, an obstacle avoidance behavior decision model based on a finite state machine was designed. The complex urban traffic scenarios were decomposed into a finite set of states, and real-time state was used to process different scenarios, thus generating corresponding obstacle avoidance behaviors. Then, the average curvature of the path, path length, and the minimum distance to the obstacle vehicle were taken as optimization objectives, the heading angle of the vehicle when reaching the road boundary and the Euclidean distance between the vehicle and the obstacle vehicle at that moment were taken as optimization variables, and the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was applied as the multi-objective optimization algorithm to optimize the obstacle avoidance path cluster generated by cubic non-uniform B-spline curves, yielding a Pareto optimal solution set. Finally, the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS method were introduced to select the best obstacle avoidance path from the Pareto optimal solution set. Experiment results demonstrate that, compared with the path planning based on the original cubic B-spline curve, the proposed method exhibits better comfort during obstacle avoidance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Shoulder Wear-One Side of Running Wheel Tire in Straddle Type Rail Transit Vehicles and Study of Parameter Influences YANG Zhen, GOU Liangchun, DU Zixue, WEN Xiaoxia, XU Zhouzhou 2025, 44(7): 15-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (2906KB) ( )   In view of the abnormal shoulder wear-one side of the running wheels of straddle type monorail vehicles, an effective finite element model of the running wheel tires of the monorail vehicle was established, and the shoulder wear-one side was characterized by the sum of the friction work and the skewness value of the friction work of the running wheel tire. The influence rule of the running wheel tire parameters of the monorail vehicle on the shoulder wear-one side of the running wheels was studied, and the analytical formula for the function of the running wheel tire parameters, the total friction work and the friction work skewness value was found by the symbolic regression analysis method. The results show that when the vehicle speed is 36 km/h, the wear and shoulder wear-one side can be minimized. Appropriately reducing the vertical force, side deflection angle and roll angle of the running wheel tire can effectively reduce the total friction work and friction work skewness value of the running wheel tire and improve the shoulder wear-one side of the running wheel tire. Moreover, the analytical formula of the fitted function has high accuracy, which can be used as the analytical formula for the shoulder wear-one side of the running wheel tire and the running wheel tire parameters of the monorail vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-field Coupled Noise Optimization for Wheel Hub Motors Incorporating ICOA and PSM WU Huawei1,2, LI Lang1,2, LI Zhi1,2, ZENG Yunyun3, PENG Jianping3 2025, 44(7): 23-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (11653KB) ( )   To mitigate the electromagnetic vibration noise of wheel hub motors, a structural optimization design method integrating an improved coati optimization algorithm (ICOA) and parameter scanning method (PSM) was proposed, which took an 18-slot 16-pole 14-inch permanent magnet wheel hub motor as an example. A cogging torque database based on PSM was established to analyze the influence mechanism of stator auxiliary slot quantity on cogging torque. An improved coati optimization algorithm incorporating adaptive boundary and elimination mechanisms was developed, and an ICOA-based solver was designed to optimize the auxiliary slots of the wheel hub motor and was compared with the optimization performance with three solvers based on COA, MA and SSA. A coupling simulation model of the wheel hub motor integrating multiple physics fields such as structural field, electromagnetic field and acoustic fields was established, and the noise sound pressure levels before and after optimizing the stator armature structure were compared. Research results demonstrate: the ICOA solver outperforms other solvers in convergence speed and solution accuracy and the optimized cogging torque amplitude decreases by 59.08%. When unloaded, the axial vibration of the motor shaft weakens by 9.916×103 mm/s2, the radial vibration of the shaft weakens by 2.1 919×104 mm/s2, and A-weighted sound pressure level declines by 3.818 dB. When unloaded, the axial vibration of the shaft weakens by 4.845 9×104 mm/s2, the radial vibration of the shaft weakens by 4.422 6×104 mm/s2, and A-weighted sound pressure level declines by 7.648 dB. The 7-fold vibration has been effectively suppressed, and the overall noise level has been reduced from 70 dB to 60 dB, improving the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intelligent Vehicle Trajectory Tracking Control Based on Adhesion Coefficient Estimation TAO Jie1, LIU Xinyi2, ZHENG Yanping1, TIAN Jie1 2025, 44(7): 33-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (1425KB) ( )   In order to enable intelligent vehicles to obtain the current pavement adhesion coefficient in time during the trajectory tracking process for better trajectory tracking control, an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on online real-time estimation of the adhesion coefficient was proposed. Based on the force situation of the current trajectory tracking of the intelligent vehicle, the Dugoff tire normalization model and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm were used to design the pavement adhesion coefficient estimator. Moreover, based on the estimated value of the current pavement adhesion coefficient, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with feedforward control was designed by the vehicle two-degree-of-freedom dynamics model and tracking error model, to realize the trajectory tracking control of intelligent vehicle. In addition, the joint simulation of Carsim and Matlab/Simulink was used to test the ability of trajectory tracking control and pavement adhesion coefficient estimation of intelligent vehicles. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed approach can precisely estimate the adhesion coefficient of each wheel when driving at various speeds on roads with different adhesion coefficients, and the trajectory tracking effect is good. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Rail Surface Defect Detection Based on Multi-Perception Synergy and Hybrid Sampling Strategy PENG Jing, GAO Baoqu 2025, 44(7): 41-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (13540KB) ( )   In order to solve the problems of low detection accuracy and slow detection speed of small defects on complex rail surface by traditional methods, a rail surface defect detection algorithm based on multi-perception synergy and mixed sampling strategy was proposed. Firstly, an improved lightweight feature extraction backbone CASG-MobileNetV2 was constructed to realize the lightweight model and effectively enhance the ability of the lightweight backbone to extract defect features. Secondly, a pyramid module of foreground perception attention collaborative features is proposed to extract multi-dimensional defect features in complex orbit scenes to enhance the detection effect of small targets. Then, a hybrid sampling strategy was designed in the Transformer part to replace the self-attention learning with dynamic perception, so as to reduce the computational cost of the model and further capture the global and local feature information. Finally, the defect detection output is completed by the feedforward neural network and the Hungarian matching algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is increased by 3.5% points to 71.3% compared with the mean Average MAPsion (mAP@0.5) of the original DETR model, the parameter amount is compressed by 44.5%, and the detection rate is increased to 43.7 frames/s, which is 1.6 times that of the original algorithm. The evaluation index of the proposed method is better than that of the comparison method, and it can quickly and accurately detect the surface defects of the rail. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wave Absorption of Mixed-Fiber-Component Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Aggregate Concrete YANG Chaoshan1, ZHU Yuhao1, REN Junru1, ZHANG Xuecong2, LEI Yixin1 2025, 44(7): 51-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (3676KB) ( )   In order to further enhance the wave-absorbing performance of electromagnetic wave-absorbing aggregate concrete and overcome the limitation of single-fiber-component for functional enhancement of concrete, the reflectivity tests of electromagnetic wave absorbing aggregate concrete with mixed fiber components at different fiber mixing amounts were carried out by the bow method, which were based on carbon fiber (CF), basalt fiber (BF) and polypropylene fiber (PF). The research results indicate that the mixed fiber components can better enhance the wave absorbing performance of electromagnetic wave absorbing aggregate concrete and broaden the effective wave absorbing bandwidth than single-fiber component does. CF mixed with BF or PF at low dosage has better wave absorbing enhancement effect, but it is not suitable to mix more CF when the total amount of fibers is too high. After mixing addition of BF and PF, the overall wave absorbing performance is the best, and the reflectivity of each component sample can be basically less than -7 dB in the whole frequency band. With the two ratios of 0.2% PF/0.2% BF or 0.2% PF/0.6% BF, the specimen can be less than -8 dB in the whole frequency band, among which, the effective bandwidth less than -10 dB is most up to 4.00 GHz. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pavement Performance of Chemically Activated Terminal Blend Rubber Powder Modified Asphalt Mixtures YUE Hongzhi1,2, CHEN Yingjiao3, ZHAO Lin1,2, ZHOU Haifang3, LYU Quan4 2025, 44(7): 59-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   The preparation of TB rubber powder modified asphalt by chemical additives can effectively reduce preparation temperature, prevent aging and save energy. In order to explore the practical application value of chemically activated TB rubber powder modified asphalt, rock asphalt was selected as the reinforcing agent for chemically activated TB rubber powder modified asphalt and compared with SBS modified asphalt and matrix asphalt. Three kinds of asphalt mixtures with different gradations, such as SMA-13, AC-20 and AC-25, were prepared. Based on the rutting test, Hamburg rutting test, low-temperature semi-circular bending test, freeze-thaw splitting test, immersion Marshall test and four-point bending beam fatigue test, the road performance of chemically activated TB rubber powder modified asphalt was studied. The research results show that the dry addition of rock asphalt effectively overcomes the shortcomings of high temperature performance of TB rubberized asphalt powder modified asphalt, improves the water stability of the mixture, adapts to harsh hydrothermal environments, and largely retains the excellent low-temperature performance characteristics of TB rubberized asphalt powder modified asphalt. The fatigue performance of chemically activated TB rubber powder modified asphalt is superior to that of base asphalt, however, rock asphalt may somewhat impair the fatigue performance of the mixture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Binocular Fusion Structured Light Vision Algorithm and Complex Environment Impact Analysis in the Field of Road Applications WANG Yuanyuan1,2, LI Biyang1, ZHOU Zhe1, YANG Jianhua2, LIU Yanyan3 2025, 44(7): 67-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (7244KB) ( )   To enhance the anti-interference capability and robustness of visual measurement technology in complex road environments and achieve precise measurement of three-dimensional texture information on road surfaces, the dual-spectrum sinusoidal encoded fringe structured light was introduced, and a second-order fusion binocular vision measurement model under dual constraints of dual-spectrum and structured light was constructed. Complex lighting conditions and road environments were simulated to evaluate the measurement effectiveness of the improved algorithm in complex environments. The results indicate that, through T-test analysis, there is no significant difference in measurement accuracy between the binocular fusion structured light vision algorithm and the skid resistance texture tester at a 0.05 confidence level. The introduction of dual-spectrum structured light constraints effectively improves the resilience of binocular vision technology against complex environments. Meanwhile, the binocular fusion structured light vision algorithm can maintain good measurement stability in complex lighting conditions ranging from 100~1 250 Lux, as well as in complex road environments such as mottled surfaces, water film, and oil stains. Guided by the principles of informatization and intelligence, the research results are of great significance for enriching the research scope of road surface functions and creating a comfortable and safe traffic environment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transportation+Big Data & Artificial Intelligence

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Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on Attention Scale Sequence Fusion LI Jun1, 2, ZOU Jun1, CHEN Cui2, ZHANG Shiyi3 2025, 44(7): 75-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (6833KB) ( )   In view of the problems of low detection accuracy and high missed detection rate in vehicle and pedestrian detection at roadside ends, a vehicle and pedestrian detection algorithm YOLOv8-APC based on attention scale sequence fusion was proposed. Firstly, the scale sequence fusion module (SSFF) and the three-feature encoder (TFE) were used in the neck network to enhance the extraction and fusion of multi-scale information, meanwhile, the channel and position attention mechanism (CPAM) was introduced to improve the detection accuracy. Then, the P2 detection layer was added on the basis of the improved network structure to improve the detection ability of small targets and reduce the missed detection rate. Finally, the C2f_GhostDynamicConv (C2f_GDC) module was applied in the backbone network to effectively reduce the complexity of the model. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the validation was conducted on the roadside end dataset Vapddsits in the Chongqing Science Valley Demonstration Zone. The experimental results show that the mAP50 value and recall rate of YOLOv8-APC are 11.1% and 11.9% higher than those of the original model; the parameter quantity and model volume are only 1.85M and 4.1MB respectively, which are 38.3% and 34.9% lower than those of the original model. The proposed algorithm can achieve more accurate detection of distant small targets and occluded targets, which doesn’t occupy too much memory resources, providing a solution for vehicle and pedestrian detection at roadside ends. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Commuting and Residential Re-selection of Urban Residents from Perspective of Residential Preferences HE Baohong, XIE Weikai, YANG Xirui 2025, 44(7): 83-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (4297KB) ( )   The objective built environment and subjective residential preferences are the core elements affecting urban residents’ commuting and residential choices, while the intrinsic connections between the two have not been fully elucidated. The concept of residential preference was introduced as a segmentation indicator for urban commuting residents, and a model of the impact mechanism of the built environment on commuting behavior and residential re-selection behavior was constructed under different residential preference scenarios. The research results show that without considering residential preferences, the impact of the built environment on commuting behavior is not significant; however, when residential preferences are taken into account, its impact becomes prominent, and this influence varies significantly in different residential preference scenarios. Additionally, the factors influencing residential re-selection also differ for residents with different residential preferences. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Prediction Model for Expressway Guidance Diversion Based on Evolutionary Game Theory CHEN Luchuan1, ZHANG Shuwei2, WANG Liang1, SU Donglan3, GUO Zhongyin4 2025, 44(7): 91-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (785KB) ( )   The effect of guidance diversion implementation during the period of expressway reconstruction and expansion has uncertainty, which affects the efficiency of traffic organization. To facilitate a deeper analysis of the interactive influences and game relationships among drivers’ decision-making under the conditions of guidance diversion during expressway reconstruction and expansion, a payment matrix was constructed, which covered fuel consumption costs, time value costs, toll fees and variable cost payments, and a corresponding replication dynamics equation was established. Subsequently, numerical simulations were conducted for typical working conditions of the affected roads. The research indicates that the guidance diversion can’t affect all drivers. In cases where the bypass coefficients are high, drivers with lower time values are more likely to accept guidance diversion. The evolutionary game theory model can effectively predict the outcomes of guidance diversion in expressway expansion and reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-causal Configuration Analysis of Dangerous Driving Behavior of Taxi Drivers Based on SEM and fsQCA WANG Lianzhen, ZHOU Ming, CHENG Guozhu 2025, 44(7): 99-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (1741KB) ( )   Taxi is one of the important modes of urban passenger transportation, and the driving behavior characteristics of taxi drivers differ from those of ordinary drivers. To investigate the causes and influencing factors of dangerous driving behavior of taxi drivers, 897 questionnaires on driving behavior of taxi drivers were designed and collected. A structural equation model was constructed to investigate the relationship between enterprise management level, job satisfaction, personal attributes as well as life stress and dangerous driving behavior. The relationship between a single factor and the dangerous driving behavior of taxi drivers was analyzed. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method (fsQCA) was used to analyze the impact of diverse aggregation of different influencing factors on dangerous driving behavior. The results show that there is a significant correlation between enterprise management level, job satisfaction, personal attributes as well as life stress and dangerous driving behavior. Among them, enterprise management level (-0.401), job satisfaction (-0.204), and life stress (-0.216) are negatively correlated with dangerous driving behavior, while personal attributes (0.465) are positively correlated with dangerous driving behavior. There are three high-risk driving behavior paths: enterprise management negligence, driver led, and driver burnout, as well as two paths that inhibit dangerous driving behavior. Among them, the management negligence path is the most likely to cause taxi drivers to develop a tendency towards dangerous driving. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route Network Based on Strict Hub Improvement GU Runping, LI Rui 2025, 44(7): 110-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (6192KB) ( )   Route network planning is an important issue in the field of air transportation. In the actual operation of airlines, it is necessary to plan the route reasonably based on multiple factors to maximize the company’s benefits. Based on improvements of the strict multi-allocation route network, a non-strict hub route network planning model was proposed. Comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors, CRITIC weighting method and a greedy algorithm based on dynamic priority improvement were applied for route connections, and real data were used for simulation. The results show that compared to the strict hub the total flight mileage of the non-strict hub route network is reduced by an average of 41,599 km, a decrease of 10.4%, and the total ticket revenue is increased by an average of 4,215,262 yuan, an increase of 3.8%. The research results are feasible. By diversified selection of hub cities, resources can be better balanced, and the coverage and adaptability of the route network can be improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electric Bicycle Fire and Built Environment Dual-Layer Network Assessment Model Based on DEMATEL-QFD CHEN Weiwei, ZHANG Zihan, WEI Yudong, XING Qingsong 2025, 44(7): 118-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2025.07.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (1578KB) ( )   To swiftly explore the impact of built environment elements on the occurrence of electric bicycle fire accidents, a “fire factors-built environment elements” dual-layer network assessment model that integrated DEMATEL and QFD was developed. The intra-layer self-correlation and inter-layer complex mapping analysis on fire factors and built environment elements related to electric bicycle fire accidents were carried out. The key factors within the built environment and fire factors were determined from quantitative analysis results and the importance of each factor in fire accidents was explored. And targeted prevention measures and management strategies for electric bicycle fire prevention and control were accordingly proposed. The research results demonstrate that by improving and optimizing key elements of the built environment, it is possible to effectively reduce the incidence and potential risks of electric bicycle fire accidents, providing methodological references for the prevention and control of such fires. References | Related Articles | Metrics