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14 June 2019, Volume 38 Issue 06 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Transport+Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering


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Transport+Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

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Image Filtering Algorithm for Subway Tunnel Cracks Based on Self-adaptive Mean Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation ZHANG Zhenhai1,2，YIN Xiaozhen1,2， REN Qian1,2 2019, 38(06): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (1713KB) ( )   The surface of subway tunnel is of uneven illumination, low contrast and serious noise interference. The collected crack images are rather dark and contain a lot of mixed noise. So the single filtering method can not achieve good denoising effect. In order to solve this problem, a self-adaptive mean filtering algorithm based on fast median was proposed to filter the image of tunnel cracks. The proposed algorithm first reversed the image to enhance the contrast between the crack and the background, and then calculated the median of the filtering window by fast median method. The filter coefficients were optimized by selecting appropriate thresholds adaptively, and the gray values of each pixel in the window were weighted. The results were taken as the gray values of the center of the window and outputted. Compared with the traditional median and mean filtering algorithms, the proposed new algorithm not only reduces the image noise but also effectively protects the edge of the fracture, and reduces the difficulty of follow-up crack feature extraction and segmentation recognition References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloud Matter-Element Comprehensive Evaluation on Vulnerability of Urban Road Traffic Network LIU Xinmin1, SUN Lu1, SUN Qiuxia2 2019, 38(06): 6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (432KB) ( )   Based on the cloud matter-element comprehensive evaluation model which combined cloud theory with matter-element method, an evaluation index system of urban road traffic network vulnerability was constructed, including road network infrastructure, government supervision and road network service level. The method combining subjective weighting (expert scoring) with objective weighting (entropy weighting) was adopted to determine the comprehensive weights, and the results were more effective. The statistical data of Qingdao were used to evaluate its road network vulnerability. The results show that the road traffic network vulnerability evaluation of Qingdao in 2016 is grade IV and the vulnerability is relatively high, which is consistent with the actual situation and verifies the rationality and operability of the proposed evaluation model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interactive Simulation System of Marine Windlass Based on Virtual Reality Technology JIANG Xiaobin1, TAN Jiawan2, REN Hongxiang1, QIU Shaoyang1 2019, 38(06): 12-16.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (855KB) ( )   In view of the current situation of the teaching and training of the windlass for the crew, such as the complexity of the windlass equipment, the high price and the great danger of training, the application of virtual reality technology in the field of navigation simulation was analyzed,and the method of applying virtual reality technology in the interactive simulation system of the windlass was put forward.The rotation of each joint was calculated by using the principle of reverse dynamics followed by the skeleton movement in character animation, and the motion control and simulation of virtual human were realized. The heuristic search algorithm-A* algorithm was researched and used to realize the virtual humans automatic path finding function.Combining with the collision detection algorithm based on bounding box and mesh generation, the collision response between virtual human and windlass was realized.The developed three-dimensional windlass interactive system can simulate the whole process of the windlass operation, and it can completely meet the requirements of teaching and training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Practical Estimation Formula of Bending Stiffness and Tension of Cables Based on Vibration Method LI Feng 2019, 38(06): 17-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (364KB) ( )   The influence of bending stiffness of cables on the test results of medium and short cables cannot be ignored when vibration method is used to measure the tension of cables, but it is difficult to determine the bending stiffness of cables in engineering practice. Using curve fitting method, a practical formula for estimating the bending stiffness and tension of cables from low-order frequencies was proposed. The bending stiffness and tension of the tested cables were checked by the practical estimation formula. The tension estimation results of the practical estimation formula and the commonly-used formula at present were compared and analyzed. The results show that the calculation accuracy of the practical formula is within 2%, which is the same as that of the commonly-used formula. With regard to the estimation of bending stiffness, the calculation accuracy of the practical estimation formula is less than 2% within the range of 0≤ξ<210, and the identification accuracy of the practical estimation formula for bending stiffness and tension meets the requirements of engineering practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Decay Analysis of Cross-Section Stiffness of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Structure ZHOU Jianting1, CHEN Jingwen1, LI Xiaoqing1, CHEN Ziyang1, ZHENG Zhong2 2019, 38(06): 22-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (628KB) ( )   Aiming at the problem of stiffness degradation of reinforced concrete cross-sections caused by corrosion of steel bars, a non-linear simulation program for cross-section stiffness based on the Python language was developed, and two-dimensional numerical models of non-damaged cross-sections and damaged cross-sections were established. Considering the concrete strength, the section-size and the reduction of yield strength of reinforcing bar, the reduction of reinforcing bar cross-section area and the damage of concrete cross-section caused by material deterioration, the moment-curvature relationship between non-damaged cross-sections and damaged cross-sections was calculated and analyzed, and a practical calculation model considering the degradation of cross-section stiffness including corrosion rate, concrete strength and reinforcement ratio was proposed. The calculation results show that the concrete strength and the section-size affect the stiffness of non-damaged cross-sections; relatively speaking, the influence of the section-size on the stiffness is more obvious. The influence of the steel corrosion on the stiffness of the damaged cross-sections is extremely significant. With the increase of the corrosion rate, the stiffness decreases when the section cracks and the steel bar yields, and the cracking and failure stages occur in advance. The proposed gradually practical calculation model of stiffness degradation can provide reference for the evaluation of the performance of corroded reinforced concrete structures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seismic Response Characteristics of Rib Arch Bridge LUO Hongzhi1, ZHU Dongsheng2, YU Jiayu2 2019, 38(06): 30-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (532KB) ( )   The seismic responses of two long-span rib arch bridges of different types were calculated by using response spectrum method and time-history method with four different seismic input modes, i.e. inputting the response spectrum along longitudinal, transverse, vertical direction respectively, and the earthquake action in three directions simultaneously. The main internal forces of main arch ribs caused by seismic action in different directions were analyzed. It is found that the lateral seismic action has a great influence on the internal force of the main arch rib of deck ribbed arch bridge. The lateral seismic action not only causes the out-of-plane internal force of the arch rib, but also causes larger in-plane bending moment and shear force in the arch rib, especially the larger axial force. Therefore, in the seismic calculation of rib arch bridges, seismic action should be input along three directions of the bridge simultaneously, such as longitudinal, transverse and vertical direction. Arch foot is the weak part of the rib arch bridge in the aseismic design, and special attention should be paid to. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy Saving of Tunnel Lighting Based on Corridor YOU Feng, LIU Yien, LIU Yijia 2019, 38(06): 37-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (639KB) ( )   By establishing a model of natural light illumination, the light distribution model under the natural light condition was obtained. On basis of this, the enhanced lighting at the entrance section of the tunnel was replaced by the natural lighting under the corridor. And the illumination model of tunnel entrance under corridor was established by analyzing the illumination of corridor. Taking the design model of Yinshan Tunnel section of Chao-Hui Expressway as an example, the model of corridor natural light illumination at the entrance section was verified. The research shows that the lighting requirement of the first half of the tunnel entrance can be well met by replacing the enhanced lighting of the tunnel entrance with the natural lighting under the corridor, which greatly reduces the lighting power consumption at the entrance of tunnel, compared with the enhanced lighting. Under the same conditions, the energy consumption ratio of the mode of corridor natural light illumination at the entrance section is 16.69% lower than that of traditional lighting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Typical Permeable Pavement Model Based on Sponge City System JIANG Yulong1, GAP Bo1, YANG Youjiang1, WU Jinliang2, WANG Guan3 2019, 38(06): 42-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (677KB) ( )   The use of permeable materials in the construction of sponge city is inevitable. PAC-13 and ATPB-25 permeable asphalt mixture were studied, and the relationship between the void ratio and permeability coefficient was analyzed. Based on this, the drainage model of permeable asphalt pavement with different voids and thicknesses for rainfall intensity in Chongqing area was established by combining the finite element analysis method. The research results show that the void ratio and permeability coefficient of different permeable asphalt mixtures all have a good linear relationship. At the same time, the increase of both void ratio and road thickness can effectively improve the drainage effect of the road surface: when the total thickness of the permeable road is relatively small, changing the ratio of the surface layer to the base layer cannot improve the drainage effect; when the total thickness is larger, the water storage capacity of the permeable road can be significantly improved as the void ratio increases from 18% to 22%; when the total thickness reaches 35cm with the average void ratio of 22%, the permeable road can be completely resistant to the intensity of heavy rain in Chongqing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study on Compatibility Improvement of High-Grade Waste Rubber Modified Asphalt YANG Sanqiang1,3, WANG Guoqing 3, RUN Mingtao2, WANG Pidong1 2019, 38(06): 48-54.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (951KB) ( )   Due to the excessive consistency and uneven distribution of the rubber powder, the application quality of high-grade rubber asphalt was seriously affected; meanwhile, the pipeline was also easily blocked in the construction process. In order to improve the consistency of rubber powder asphalt, according to the compatibility principle of rubber powder and asphalt, the microstructure of rubber modified asphalt was studied by thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The testing results show that: the percentage of effective rubber powder extracted from the rubber modified asphalt with 30% rubber powder content is 18.8%, which indicates that some of the rubber powder reacts when it is mixed with asphalt. The high temperature causes the rubber to oxidize and break the chain to form more COOH and CO groups, and also causes the volatilization of the saturated fraction and the dehydration of the aromatic fraction in the asphalt, which indicates that adding activator is the main direction to study the compatibilization of asphalt with high content of rubber. The compatibility of rubber powder and asphalt can be improved and the consistency of rubber modified asphalt can be reduced by using C chain compatible with asphalt saturation fraction and benzene ring compatible with aromatic fraction in active polymer. After being etched by solvent, the surface of rubber modified asphalt containing 30% rubber powder can be observed by SEM that the size of white particles is less than 30 microns, and the distribution is relatively uniform. Active polymer can effectively solve the problems of excessive consistency and uneven distribution of high content rubber powder asphalt without raising construction temperature, which improves the application quality of rubber powder asphalt. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Performance and Compaction Temperature of Polyester Fiber Warm Mixed Recycled Asphalt Mixture ZHOU Gang1, WANG Qing1, SUN Qian1, LIU Miqiang2 2019, 38(06): 55-60.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   In order to solve the problem of road performance and on-site compaction temperature in RAP high-volume physical engineering in low-temperature areas, aiming at the warm mixed recycled asphalt mixture with different RAP content (0%, 30% and 50%), the rutting test, bending test and freezing-thawing splitting test were selected. And then the influence of polyester fibers on the pavement performance of the warm mixed recycled asphalt mixture was studied by comparing the content of polyester fibers. Superpave test method and variable temperature compaction test were used to study the effect of polyester fiber on the optimal compaction temperature of the warm mixed asphalt mixture with two kinds of RAP content (0%, 30%), with the porosity rate of 4.0% as the control index. The test results show that: compared with no fiber addition, the addition of polyester fiber significantly improves the high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance and water stability of the warm mixed recycled asphalt mixture, which also satisfies the specification requirements. When the RAP content is 0% and 30%, the optimum compaction temperature of the warm mixed asphalt mixture is increased by 9°C and 10°C respectively by the polyester fiber, which means that polyester fiber has a significant influence on the optimal compaction temperature of warm mixed asphalt mixture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid Evaluation Method of Shape Characteristics of Aggregate Particle Based on the Minimum Outer Rectangle CAO Yuanwen1, YANG Guolin1, ZHANG Yingying2, WANG Ruojun3, CHENG Zhihao2 2019, 38(06): 61-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (634KB) ( )   Aiming at the shortcomings of slow speed and low efficiency in traditional measurement methods of aggregate particle shape, Graham algorithm was used to process complex images with convex hulls. The improved convex hull boundary rotation method was applied to propose a fast evaluation method of aggregate particle shape characteristics based on the minimum outer rectangle. Combining with examples, the two evaluation methods were compared and analyzed in respects of algorithm solution, time-consuming shortening rate and measurement error. The results show that: the fast evaluation method of aggregate particle shape characteristics based on the minimum outer rectangle is fast and convenient; whose average relative error is 2.40%. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied to the shape characteristics evaluation of bulk aggregate particles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Stress Analysis on a Novel Dam for Reservoir Bottom Sealing in Karst Area GAO Qiang1, QIU Zhenfeng2, HUANG Shiyuan2, YUAN Zhihong2 2019, 38(06): 66-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (1566KB) ( )   In order to adapt to the topographic and geomorphological conditions in Karst areas, a new type of arch dam for the closure the bottom of reservoir was developed. And it was necessary to optimize the design of the proposed new type of arch dam. Based on 3D finite element analysis method, the stress deformation of the arch at normal water level, silt load and temperature stress with different factors, such as crown angle, arch end thickness and arch closure temperature were studied. The results show that the tensile stress area of the arch body is mainly distributed at both ends of the long axis. Properly increasing the thickness of the arch end is beneficial to reduce the tensile stress. The stress of the arch can be improved by increasing the angle of the vault properly. With the increase of the angle, the maximum tensile stress and compressive stress of the arch first decrease and then increase, and the optimal vault angle can be obtained in the range of 53.27°~60°. The tensile stress of arch structure increases with the increase of sealing temperature, and it is suggested that the arch sealing construction should be designed at 9 ℃. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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pplication of BIM and 3D Laser Scanning in Foundation Pit Monitoring HAN Daguang1, QIN Guocheng1, ZHOU Yin1, WANG Dongfang2, YANG Yupeng3 2019, 38(06): 72-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )   In order to solve the difficultly in three-dimensional integral deformation monitoring of foundation pit under the influence of random vehicle loads,based on a large foundation pit in Tianjin FAW Volkswagen stamping workshop, BIM combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology was adopted to propose a method for platform fusion and error analysis between point cloud reverse-generated BIM model and a later stage point cloud model.It is of guiding significance for the integrated application of BIM combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology to grasp the situation of three-dimensional integral deformation of foundation pit and guide the safe construction on site. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and Simulation of Oil Spill of Ships in Inland Waterway XIONG Zhenghua1, CHEN Xi2 2019, 38(06): 77-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (2928KB) ( )   At present, the research on oil spill is focused on the ocean, and the research on oil spill in inland river environment is relatively few. Once the oil spill occurred in inland river, it will cause greater harm and appear faster. Therefore, according to the particularity of inland waterway, some sections of Fuhe River in Jiangxi Province were selected for hydrodynamic simulation. Furthermore, based on the results of flow field simulation, the oil particle model theory was applied to establish a suitable model for oil spill accident in inland river. The simulation results show that the proposed model well reflects the influence of wind field, flow field and other conditions on the oil spill accident in inland river. The simulation results can provide technical support for emergency treatment of oil spill accident in inland river. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Difference of Eye Movement Characteristics of Drivers in the Environment of Scenic Area and Urban Road PAN Yiyong, DING Yuan, CHEN Lu 2019, 38(06): 84-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (802KB) ( )   In order to reflect the difference of driving characteristics in scenic area and urban road environment, the contrast experiment of field sight tracking was carried out by using eye-moving instrument, and the differences of eye-movement characteristics of drivers in gaze area, gaze target, visual load and visual fatigue were analyzed from the perspective of driver. The experiment results show that the drivers are more concerned about the central region in the horizontal gaze area, and are more concerned about the left and right side in the scenic area than on the urban road. In the vertical gaze area, drivers in the scenic area pay attention to the middle distance, while drivers on the urban road pay attention to the near. In terms of gazing at the target, drivers all pay more attention to roads, motor vehicles, especially on urban roads, while drivers focus on a variety of targets in scenic spots. Drivers on urban roads are easy to fatigue due to heavy visual load, and are more cautious in driving. In scenic spots, drivers are less likely to be oppressed and more relaxed. The research results can be used to analyze the prominence of traffic in the scenic area and provide an important basis for the design of independent and clear traffic facilities in scenic spots. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Effects of Adverse Weather on Drivers Car-Following Behavior Based on Driving Simulation Technology ZHAO Xiaohua1, REN Guichao2, CHEN Chen1, RONG Jian1, CHANG Xin3 2019, 38(06): 90-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   In recent years, adverse weather is frequent and has a greater impact on urban traffic flow. To analyze the effect of various kinds of adverse weather such as rain, snow and fog on the car-following behavior of straight line sections, an urban expressway scene was built by using driving simulation technology from the perspective of driving behavior. By using one-way ANOVA, the significance of headway time, headway spacing amplitude, minimum speed difference, maximum speed difference and acceleration of car-following was studied under different weather conditions, and then the influence of adverse weather on road traffic flow was studied by principal component analysis. The results show that there are significant differences in headway, headway spacing amplitude and minimum speed difference of car-following under different weather conditions. Generally, with the increase of weather severity, the vibration amplitude of headway and headway spacing increases and the minimum speed difference of car-following decreases. The order of influence of different weather conditions on traffic flow smoothness from big to small is in turn blizzard, heavy rain, violent rain, heavy fog, medium rain, fog, very heavy fog, heavy snow, light fog, light rain and sunny day. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Assessment of Transportation Risks of Dangerous Goods on Urban Freeway WANG Zheng, TAO Jian, WANG Wenjun 2019, 38(06): 96-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (458KB) ( )   In order to study dynamic transportation risks of dangerous goods in the process of urban freeway transportation, based on the current available dynamic parameters of the dangerous chemicals transportation supervision technology, the correlation among transportation dynamic factors, characteristics of urban traffic flow, and transportation risks was analyzed, and a dynamic risk evaluation model of dangerous goods transportation on urban freeway was established. The influence of traffic flow parameters on accident probability of dangerous goods and population exposure was focused. The results of case study show that the vehicle speed exerts significant influence on transportation risks. The proposed model is of great practical significance to assess dynamic risks of dangerous goods transportation on urban freeway in real time, strengthen the supervision of dangerous goods transportation risk, and reduce transportation risks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Situation Awareness in Aviation Safety JIN Huibin1, ZHU Guolei2, MU Xiaomeng2, LIU Yawei3 2019, 38(06): 103-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   Situation awareness (SA) is one of the hot topics in the field of aviation human factors. By reviewing the mainstream theoretical models of situational awareness, the research trend of situational awareness from individual, team to system was pointed out. By summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various situational awareness measurement methods, the research direction of situational awareness measurement methods which met the requirements of real-time human factors engineering in the future was analyzed. The application of situational awareness in the field of aviation safety and its future direction were also prospected. It is of great significance for guiding human error analysis, selection of aviation personnel, design of man-machine system and ensuring aviation safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Fatigue Life Prediction of Small and Medium Volume Straddle-Type Monorail Vehicle Body DU Zixue, YANG Jin 2019, 38(06): 109-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1185KB) ( )   When head body of small and medium volume straddle-type monorail vehicle is subjected to cyclic dynamic load, it will cause damage and accumulate gradually at local stress concentration area, eventually leading to crack or phenomenon of fatigue failure. Aiming at this phenomenon, the fatigue life of the body was predicted by combining finite element theory with fatigue analysis theory. The load time history obtained by Simpack simulation analysis and the load time history obtained by test were used as the vehicle body fatigue excitation respectively. The modified S-N curve of the car body components was selected, and the fatigue life prediction of the car body was made by nCode Design-Life. The fatigue life based on the simulation load time history and the test load time history was 68.19 and 71.58 years respectively. Two kinds of fatigue life analysis results were larger than the service life of 30 years. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and Analysis of Two Release Processes of Tail-Casting Lifeboat QIU Shaoyang1, TAN Jiawan2, REN Hongxiang1, JIANG Xiaobin1 2019, 38(06): 115-121.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (773KB) ( )   In order to improve the simulation accuracy of free-fall lifeboat movement in marine rescue simulation training system, the movement process of two release modes of lifeboat was analyzed firstly. The process of lifeboat free-fall was divided into four stages, including glide, rotation, free-fall, water entry.The force analysis of each stage was carried out and the motion equation was established.According to momentum theory and slice theory, slamming force was calculated when the lifeboat entered the water. The half-width of cross-section and additional mass of the lifeboat when it entered water were calculated by interpolation method. The kinematics equation was established for the process of lifting the lifeboat by Kane equation.Finally, the mathematical model was applied to the ship rescue simulation training system,and the proposed model can meet the system requirements and improve the fidelity of simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vehicle Ride Comfort of Semi-active Suspension Based on Full Size Model ZHOU Junchao1,2,TANG Fei3 , HU Guangzhong1 2019, 38(06): 122-126.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.06.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   In order to improve the ride comfort of the vehicle, the self-adaptive fuzzy PID algorithm of a semi-active suspension was proposed. Taking the two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 vehicle semi-active suspension of full size as the research object, a semi-active suspension model of full size was established by software Adams, and the model self-adaptive fuzzy PID controller was designed. The proposed mechanical model and control algorithm were analyzed by joint simulation analysis technology, and compared with passive suspension and its fuzzy control methods. The results show that: compared with active suspension and passive suspension with fuzzy control, active suspension with self-adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy reduces vehicle body acceleration peak by 5.0% and 2.9%, suspension dynamic stroke by 3.2% and 1.68%, and tire dynamic displacement by 0.29% and 0.25%, respectively. The semi-active suspension based on self-adaptive fuzzy PID algorithm has good effect in improving vehicle ride comfort, and provides an effective method for the study of vehicle ride comfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics