Abstract: Taking 26 typical cities in China as samples, based on the influence of environmental variables and random disturbance factors, a three-stage DEA-Tobit model was used to carry out empirical analysis on the measurement of urban rail transit operational efficiency. The research results show that there is a significant correlation between the operational efficiency of urban rail transit and factors such as system scale, structure, number of transfer stations and network conditions. At present, the rail transit in most cities in China is in the stage of increasing scale benefit, and its resource allocation capacity is already relatively good, but the scale efficiency is insufficient, resulting in low operational efficiency. After adjusting the environmental variables and random disturbance factors, the pure technical efficiency of urban rail transit system will rise, while the scale efficiency will decrease significantly, which is especially evident in cities focusing on the development of low-capacity systems. It is indicated that the control and coordination of the external operating environment can effectively improve the operational efficiency of urban rail transit systems.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering; rail transit; operational efficiency; three-stage DEA-Tobit model; influence factor

摘要： 以我国26个典型城市为样本，基于环境变量与随机干扰因素影响，运用三阶段DEA-Tobit模型对其城市轨道交通运营效率的测度问题展开了实证分析。研究结果表明：城市轨道交通运营效率与制式规模、结构、换乘站数量及成网条件等因素间均存在着显著相关性，目前我国大多数城市的轨道交通处于规模效益上升阶段，其资源配置能力已较优，但规模效率不足，导致运营效率偏低；当环境变量与随机干扰因素调整后，城市轨道交通的纯技术效率会上升，而规模效率则显著下降，以重点发展低运量制式的城市尤为明显，表明外部运营环境的控制与协调能有效地提升城市轨道交通系统的运营效率。

关键词: 交通运输工程；轨道交通；运营效率；三阶段DEA-Tobit模型；影响因素