Abstract: With the in-depth implementation of the concept of “ecological priority and green development”, the underwater heavy hammer rock-drilling technology with smaller ecological impact has been applied in the construction of navigation channels. Due to the large difference of hammer shape in different projects, the impact of hammer shape changes on reef breaking efficiency varies, which restricts the extensive promotion of heavy hammer rock-drilling technology. Aiming at the problem of the reef breaking and penetration laws of super-large tonnage heavy hammer with different hammer shapes, the movement laws of underwater heavy hammer with different drop distances were analyzed through the on-site test of breaking reef with heavy hammer. Moreover, based on 3DEC discrete element, the dynamic response calculation model of reef under the impact of heavy hammer with different shapes, and the laws of breaking reef with heavy hammer under the influence of hammer shape changes were analyzed. The research results show that the dynamic response model of the heavy hammer penetration considering the drag and water resistance can better simulate the reef breaking process with underwater heavy hammer. The maximum stress of the reef under the impact of the circular heavy hammer is 1.16~1.75 times that of other hammer shapes, and the bullet shaped heavy hammer has the best penetration effect. When the drop distance is less than 13 m, the single breaking volume of the circular heavy hammer is the largest; when the drop distance is more than 13 m, the breaking volume of the bullet shaped heavy hammer is the largest.

Key words: waterway engineering; breaking reef with heavy hammer; hammer shape; dynamic response; damage law

摘要： 随着“生态优先、绿色发展”理念的深入，生态影响较小的水下重锤凿岩技术在航道建设中得到应用。但由于不同工程重锤的锤形差异大，锤形变化对破礁效率影响不同，这就制约了重锤凿岩技术的推广。针对不同锤形下超大吨位重锤的破礁侵彻规律问题，通过现场重锤破礁试验研究，分析了不同落距下水下重锤的运动规律，并基于3DEC离散元建立了不同锤形重锤冲击下的礁石动力响应计算模型，分析了锤形变化影响下重锤破礁规律。研究结果表明：考虑拉阻力和水阻力的重锤侵彻动力响应模型能较好地模拟水下重锤破礁过程；在圆形重锤冲击下，礁石最大应力是其他锤形的1.16~1.75倍，子弹形重锤侵彻效果最佳；当落距小于13 m时，圆形重锤的单次破碎体积最大，当落距超过13 m时，子弹形重锤的破碎体积最大。

关键词: 航道工程；重锤破礁；锤形；动力响应；损伤规律