Abstract: Along with the development of economy and society，water security problem becomes increasingly serious．Especially，the issue of water shortage，water pollution and related eco-environmental degradation has become one of the major emergency problems in China．The water security problem was discussed，including water quantity，water quality and related eco-envimnmental security．As an example，the issue of water security problem in Minjiang River was analyzed：It was found that influenced by human activities and the development of economy and society，the water security and related ceo-envirorunent have been threaten in Minjiang River：a)Water quantity in Minjiang River reduced．It was found that the runof in Minjiang River decreased obviously．The average annual runof from 1970s to 1980s decreased 9．5％ compared with that from 1930s to 1940s．And the ground water resources reduced too：the ground waterlevel descent about 10m．The flood and drought became mole frequent．b)Water poHufion in Minjiang River shrew a tendency to aggravate．The comprehensive water pollution index at Gaoclmng Stafon was O.21 in 1996，but it increased to 0.34 in 2000．And the rank of water quality changed from ”relatively cleaning”into”light pollution.c)Related eeo-envimnment degraded．The forest a ea in the upper reaches of Minjians River reduced and the aridity river va11ey expanded.Waterlossand soil erosion hadthetendencyto aggravate too．Accordingtothe above changes in Minjiang River，some suggestion and countermeasure for protecting the water security and eco-envimnment were proposed：Firstly， the idea of sustainable of the water resouces must be Set up；Secondly，regard the carrying capacity of the water resources as the prerequisite．advance the development of water conservancy and economic cordination；Thirdly，establish the water resources protection area and prevent and control the water pollution.

Key words: water resource, water security, water quantity, water quality, eeo-envlmnment, Minjiang River

摘要： 随着经济和社会的发展，水资源安全问题13益突出，尤其是水资源短缺、水污染加重以及与水相关的生态环 境恶化已经成为中国首要解决的问题之一．本文以岷江流域为例，从水资源的水量、水质及其生态环境安全等方 面，探讨流域水资源安全问题．研究表明，随着人类活动和社会经济发展的影响，岷江流域水资源安全及其生态环 境受到威胁，表现为：①水量减少．岷江流量明显减少，7O一8O年代与3O一4o年代相比，年均径流量减少9．5％，地 下水资源量减少，地下水位降低10m左右．洪旱灾害更加频繁．②岷江水污染呈加重趋势．岷江高场站的综合污染 指数由1996年的0．2l增加为2000年的0．34，水质级别由“较清洁”变为“轻污染”．③生态环境恶化．岷江上游森林 面积减少和干旱河谷扩大，水土流失也有加剧的趋势．针对这些变化，要保障流域水资源及其生态环境安全有必要 采取下列对策：即必须树立可持续利用的观念；以水资源承载能力为前提，推进水利和经济的协调发展；建立水资 源保护区，防治水污染．

关键词: 水资源, 水安全, 水量, 水质, 生态环境, 岷江流域