Abstract: The navigation tunnel, as a key gateway to open up mountainous waterways and achieve effective connection between navigation buildings, has become the preferred solution for upgrading and expanding the capacity of multiple high-grade waterway hubs such as the Wujiang River. The industry demand and development status of large-scale navigation tunnels were investigated, and the technical bottlenecks faced by self-propelled navigation tunnels, such as high requirements for cross-sectional dimensions, difficulty in construction excavation and uncontrollable ship navigation safety were analyzed. In view of the technical bottlenecks of self-propelled navigation tunnels, the top towing, the shore side towing and other towing navigation tunnel schemes were summarized. A comparative analysis was conducted on the applicable characteristics of various schemes in terms of tunnel section size, safety risks, navigation efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In response to the analysis of the complex fluid-structure coupling between ship and water in a towing navigation tunnel, four key technical problems that urgently needed to be solved were proposed. The four “standardization” requirements brought about by navigation tunnels transforming ship from “self-propelled mode” to “non-self-propelled towing mode” were outlooked. Finally, through the 1:40 physical model test of the towing navigation tunnel, it is concluded that the total resistance of ship towing navigation increases with the increase of Froude number under the conditions of 30 m tunnel width and different water depth, while at the same towing speed, the total resistance of ship towing navigation decreases with the increase of water depth. Some ideas for the expansion of navigation tunnels in the Wujiang waterway are provided.

Key words: waterway engineering; navigable tunnel; development status; towing navigation; four “standardization”; trend outlook

摘要： 通航隧洞作为打通山区航道关键卡口及实现通航建筑物间有效衔接的通航方式，成为了乌江等多条高等级航道枢纽提档扩能的首选方案。笔者调研了大型通航隧洞的行业需求与发展现状，分析了自航式通航隧洞面临的断面尺度要求高、施工开挖难度大、船舶通航安全不可控等技术瓶颈；针对自航式通航隧洞技术瓶颈，总结了顶部拖曳式、岸侧拖曳式等拖曳式通航隧洞方案，对比分析了各种方案在隧洞断面尺度、安全风险、通航效率、环境友好等方面的适用特点，针对拖曳式通航隧洞内船水复杂流固耦合作用分析，提出了亟待解决的4个层面的关键技术难题；展望了通航隧洞将船舶“自航方式”向“非自航拖曳方式”转变带来的4个“标准化”要求；最后，通过1:40的拖曳通航隧洞物理模型试验得出：在隧洞宽度30 m，不同水深条件下，船舶拖曳航行总阻力随弗劳德数增大而增大，相同拖曳速度下，船舶拖曳航行总阻力随水深的增加而减小。为通航隧洞在乌江航道扩能提供了些许思路。

关键词: 航道工程；通航隧洞；发展现状；拖曳通航；四个“标准化”；趋势展望