Abstract: Bi-level programming model is an important instrument for traffic congestion charging design. The under-layer often uses the SUE model of elastic demand, while the upper one often aims at the maximal user surplus. Taking time values and social equity factors into account, the upper model of traditional bi-level programming model was transformed to form an objective function which aimed at the larger user surplus with smaller Gini coefficient. In the meantime, the parameters controlling the Gini coefficient were used to achieve different requirements of traffic congestion charging design under different social equity factors. The example shows that the traffic congestion charging design based on time values and Gini coefficient of elastic demand contributes to alleviation of traffic congestion as well as improvement of user surplus and traffic equity.

Key words: traffic engineering, congestion pricing, traffic equity, Gini coefficient, elastic demand, time values

摘要： 双层规划模型是设计拥挤收费的重要工具,下层模型常用弹性需求SUE模型,此时上层模型多以用户盈余最大为目标。考虑时间价值及社会公平因素,利用基尼系数对传统的上层模型进行改造,构建一个用户盈余尽可能大而基尼系数尽可能小的目标函数,并在模型中利用基尼系数控制参数,实现不同公平性要求的拥挤收费设计。算例表明,弹性需求下基于时间价值及基尼系数的拥挤收费设计,达到缓解交通拥挤的目的,且兼顾了用户盈余与社会公平。

关键词: 交通工程, 拥挤收费, 交通公平, 基尼系数, 弹性需求, 时间价值