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04 November 2015, Volume 34 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway ? Hydraulic & Hydroelectric ? Resources & Environment
Transportation Engineering
Vehicle & Electromechanical Engineering


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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Analysis of Energy Transfer on Bridges Based on Seismic Elements Tang Lin, Xiao Shengxie, Wei Liangwen 2015, 34(5): 1-4.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   The seismic wave transfer path in the subterranean and energy dissipation in the process of transfer as well as the energy loss passing between different media were analyzed.The effect of the energy of earthquake elements,including the seismic intensity,focal depth and the distance of the epicentre,on the bredge was discussed.The relational expression between response energy and the force of seismic inertia was obtained.And the effect and changing trends of different seismic elements on the energy were analyzed,which provided the analysis approach that the seismic energy transferring through the medium could exert seismic effect on the bridge. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of the Composite Gussasphalt Steel Deck Pavement of the Large-Span Steel Box Girder Zhang Dengjing 2015, 34(5): 5-13.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )   The causes of long-span steel box girder steel deck pavement diseases were analyzed; the various types of evaluation methods on diseases and the technical indicators were discussed, and the thought and the method that a steel deck pavement design should effectively avoid pavement diseases were proposed. According to the survey of atmospheric temperature, the field test of pavement temperature and the research of axle load spectrum, the temperature and axle load parameters for steel deck pavement design were proposed. Based on the asphalt mixture dynamic modulus testing, finite element analysis to calculate the pavement structure, bituminous mixtures test, composite beam fatigue test, the changes of the steel deck pavement performance under varying conditions of temperature and axle load parameters were analyzed, which was a direct guidance to the new method for the deck pavement design. Finally, based on the rutting test, diametral compression test and composite beam fatigue test, fatigue life prediction models were proposed and used to evaluate the anti-pavement rutting, anti-cracking, anti-shearing and anti-peeling properties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Limit Strength of Masonry Arch Bridge Considering the Constitution of Masonry Zheng Dan, Huang Caizheng 2015, 34(5): 14-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (574KB) ( )   The relationship of moment and axial load of eccentrically loaded masonry section were analyzed, considering constitution of masonry material under compression till failure. The limit strength of masonry arch was achieved by nonlinear optimization mechanism analysis. The influence of masonry strength on limit strength of masonry arch was also discussed. The results show that when the compressive strength of masonry materials is low, bridge bearing capacity on the material strength is relatively sensitive, and with the bridge span increasing, the sensitivity is further increased. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bridge Finite Element Model Updating Based on Combination Function Response Surfaces Zhang Songhan, Gao Fangqing, Zhang Weiwei 2015, 34(5): 18-24.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1275KB) ( )   The bridge finite element model updating method based on the bridge response surface was studied. The combining function was established by quadratic polynomial and gauss RBF function. The sample data was obtained through ANSYS duplicate test. The regression response surfaces were fitted by least square method. According to the above study, the objective function was constructed and optimized by MATLAB. The proposed method had features, such as high fitting accuracy, strong anti-noise ability and controllable computational complexity. Through the model experiment of cantilever beam, model updating and dynamic response analysis of Bailey bridge, the measured results were reconstructed accurately by the updated models. It was showed that the real state of the actual structure could be reflected, which proved the validity of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Cable Tension Measurement System Based on Vibration Frequency Method Jiang Jianshan, Tang Guangwu, Liang Huapeng, Xiang Zhongfu 2015, 34(5): 25-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (706KB) ( )   According to the principle that cable tension can be measured by vibration frequency method, the simplified cable tension measurement system based on SCM was designed, and both whole hardware and whole software design systems were finished. The whole software included the processing program about MCU, IIC bus program flow, frequency spectrum analysis, key control, as well as LCD module and host computer software. Finally, the cable tension measurement experiment with Dafosi Bridge of Yangtze River was carried out, and the experimental results showed that this measurement system was applicable, portable and easy to use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Particle Flow Code Numerical Analysis on Earth Pressure of Shield Tunnels Cave Xing Xinkui, Yan Maolong, Zhang Kunpeng, Li Ying, Zhang Jian 2015, 34(5): 29-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (1364KB) ( )   Lots of numerical simulations were carried out on the change rule of earth pressure around the shield tunnel. The research work was about the distribution of the earth pressure around the tunnel considering the factors of shield tail void, diameter and buried depth. The soil’s stress path just above the tunnel was analyzed, in addition, exploring the change rule of soil’s vertical displacement under the condition of different buried depth around the tunnel. The results show that when the shield tail void is less than 20cm, the affected area of vertical earth pressure from excavation is within the range of soil of 2.7 times the tunnel diameter, and the soil arching mainly takes place within the range of soil of 2 times the tunnel diameter above the tunnel. According to the soil's stress path at different locations of the upper part of the tunnel, the region is divided into three sections, which are relative loose area around the tunnel, the stable pressure arch area and the area of inconspicuous soil arching effect. With the decrease of the embedded depth of the tunnel, the subsidence of the earth’s surface just above the tunnel is increased gradually, but the influence scope of the surface’s subsidence is decreased gradually. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Scheme Optimization of Pit Excavation Adjacent to Metro Tunnels in Soft Ground Ma Yongfeng, Zhou Dingheng, Cao Liqiao, Yi Li, Ran Wanyun 2015, 34(5): 33-39.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   Based on the engineering practice of one pit construction in soft ground, the application of finite element method to simulate pit construction process was presented with the consideration of the seepage of groundwater. The deformation of foundation pit and the excavation affection on metro tunnels were analyzed in detail. In addition, the deformation results of different construction schemes were compared. Some conclusions have been drawn: the excavation affection on metro tunnels mainly reflects in horizontal deformation of the nearer tunnel, which can be determined as the control and early-warning index for tunnel deformation; the proposed 5 control measures can reduce the deformation of metro tunnels, and the control effect of excavation-depth reduction or outside dewatering measure are the most apparent; the composite analysis is carried out to select the appropriate construction control scheme, considering the actual conditions. Metro tunnels in the operation stage are very strict in the deformation restriction. Therefore, some assistant measures such as block excavation should be taken. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Thermal Characteristics of Thermochromic Asphalt Pavement Based on FEM Wu Yuling 2015, 34(5): 40-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   In order to study the influence of thermochromic materials on the pavement surface temperature characteristic.In this paper,FEM simulation is conducted to study the influence of thermochromic materials on the surface temperature of asphalt pavement.The results show that the surface temperature of asphalt pavement doped with thermochromic materials is significantly lower compared to that of conventional asphalt pavement.In the meanwhile,conventional asphalt pavement underwent higher magnitude of temperature variations compared with thermochromic asphalt pavement.The decreased surface temperature and lower heat flux of thermochromic pavement both contribute to better pavementperformance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence Factors of High Temperature Performance of Activated Coal Gangue Modified Asphalt Binder Xiong Rui, Yang Xiaokai, Yang Fa,Fang Jianhong,Xu Anhua,Sheng Yanping 2015, 34(5): 44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   Through the dynamic shear rheological tests (DSR), the high temperature rheological properties of activated coal gangue modified asphalt mortar with different filler-asphalt ratios (0.6，0.8，1.0，1.2，1.4) and different temperatures (64，70，76，82 ℃) were investigated, and the results were compared with those of mineral powder modified asphalt mortar. Then, the grey entropy was applied to analyze the significance of influencing factors of the high temperature of activated coal gangue modified asphalt mortar such as temperature, active ingredient content of SiO2, filler-asphalt ratio, kinematic viscosity at 135 ℃ and softening point of asphalt mortar. The test results show that the activated coal gangue instead of mineral powder as the filler can make the high temperature performance of asphalt mortar greatly increase. Filler-asphalt ratio has the most obvious significance to the high temperature performance of activated coal gangue modified asphalt mortar. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adhesion Performance of Crushed Gravel and Asphalt Wang Ruilin, Zhou Weifeng, Liu Wei 2015, 34(5): 49-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (413KB) ( )   For the effective use of Xinjiang crushed gravel, the water stability evaluation methods of broken gravel were studied, through the adhesion test, immersion Marshall Test and freeze thaw split test of Xinjiang crushed gravel. Based on the surface free energy theory, the free energy changes of the bonding among crushed gravel, asphalt and water were analyzed. The results show that the worst aggregate type of broken gravel adhesion performance can be used to represent the overall adhesion performance; according to the surface free energy theory, the adoption of the absolute value of the ratio of free energy can effectively and quantitatively analyze the reduce degree of free energy of bond among gravel, asphalt and water. The calculation method of free energy absolute value ratio for crushed gravel was proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Anchor Reinforce Calculation Method for the Suspended Reinforced Concrete Road Slab Li Haizhan，Tang Hongmei，Li Xiaoming 2015, 34(5): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (746KB) ( )   Aiming at the water ruin disaster of the suspended reinforced concrete road slab,the anchor reinforced method for the suspended reinforced concrete road slab was proposed, which was composed of three parts, i.e., anchor stress rope, buttress and anchor rope. The calculation formulas of bending moment, the maximum width permitted and the anchoring wire cable tension force of the suspended reinforced concrete slab were established. Engineering case studies show that the method of reinforced concrete pavement slab established has strong practicability, which can realize emergency repair of the suspended reinforced concrete slab disasters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Oblique Guard Pier Based on Induction of Runaway Vehicle Wei Lianyu, Feng Lei, Song Yang, Zhang Haifeng, 2015, 34(5): 58-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (635KB) ( )   In order to build safer, more economical and environmentally friendly rural road side security facilities, the concept of oblique guard pier was proposed. By using software HYPERMESH and LS-DYNA, oblique guard pier, road and vehicle collision model system were integrated, and a complete collision model was established. LS-PREPOST was used to carry out a numerical analysis on the vehicle and the oblique guard pier collision under different rotation angles. The results indicate that oblique guard pier has a good ability to induce the runaway vehicle. On this basis, combined with road traffic safety facilities design specifications, retaining pier oblique angle of rotation and linear layout spacing for different sections of study, a more complete rural highway roadside security infrastructure solutions were proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Steel Rail Structure at Tunnel Entrance in Section of Long and Steep Downgrades Tai Yonggang, Zhao Yuan 2015, 34(5): 65-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (644KB) ( )   According to the steel rail structure of tunnel entrance in section of the long and steep downgrades, the structure research on the steel rail structure at the tunnel entrance was carried out. The type of the steel structure was designed in the principle of the structure stiffness design, and the crash processes of large and small vehicles and rail were studied by the method of computer simulation. The results show that the protection level of the steel rail structure can reach SA level, and it is also good for reducing accidents of the vehicles especially large vehicles impacting to the tunnel entrance wall, which effectively reduces the severity of the accident at tunnel entrance in section of the long and steep downgrades. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Asphalt Pavement and Maintenance of Guiyang Qingzhen First Class Highway after 22 Years Operation Liu Ke, Xu Fu, Yang Bo, Zhan Chenggen 2015, 34(5): 69-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (733KB) ( )   The traffic loads, weather condition, pavement structure, type and distribution of disease, maintenance design, paving materials, quality, safety and progress were surveyed, which relied on 2013 Gui-Qing highway maintenance engineering. Results showed that pavement structure became complex after long-term maintenance and its total thickness increased more than 10.5cm compared with the original design. The distribution of heavy vehicles dominated the distribution of the disease, and wet and dry conditions of subgrade controlled the quantity of disease area. Fly-ash macadam strength loss and subgrade moisture was the direct internal factor of Gui-Qing highway disease. Reinforce pavement upon deep subgrade disease had a shorter life. Contradiction between maintenance investment and maintenance quality decided the life of maintenance works. Open cooling of mixture lasts longer in maintenance engineering, and contradictions of mixture temperature design was prominent, which could be solved by adding warm mix agent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway ? Hydraulic & Hydroelectric ? Resources & Environment

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Application Research on Three-Dimensional Composite Drainage Mat in Waterway Revetment Project Liu Wangxi 2015, 34(5): 75-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (656KB) ( )   Considering the poor anti-filtration performance of the traditional sand filter under the bad geological conditions, a three-dimensional composite drainage mat was proposed and applied as a new drainage filtration structure, and its parameters including drainage, anti-filtration and durability were tested by indoor experiments. The effect, application condition and characteristics of the three-dimensional composite drainage mat were discussed based on its application in Huguang-Luohuzhou waterway regulation project in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, which provided experience and references for similar engineering projects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geotechnical Mechanical Parameters Inversion of Xietan Sewage Treatment Plant Slope in the Changing Conditions of the Reservoir Water Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling Theory Wang Xinglin 2015, 34(5): 79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (612KB) ( )   Xietan countryside sewage treatment plant slope of the three gorges reservoir area was selected for the study, and two-dimensional finite element model of the Xietan village sewage treatment plant slope was established. The fluid-structure interaction finite element analysis software (ABAQUS) and intelligent displacement back analysis method were adopted to dynamically inverse the physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil of slope under the changing conditions of the reservoir water, which provided reasonable parameters for the evaluation of slope stability in the conditions of the water level fluctuations. The results show that: the calculated displacement values of measuring point based on the inversion to obtain geotechnical physical and mechanical parameters is very close to the measured values; using the fluid-solid coupling finite element analysis software (ABAQUS) and intelligent displacement back analysis to dynamically inverse reservoir slope of rock and soil physical and mechanical parameters in the project is feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Room with Grating Holes of Shiplock Filling and Emptying System Chen Ming，Liang Yingchen，Xuan Guoxiang，Chen Mingdong 2015, 34(5): 84-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (997KB) ( )   As for the lock-head filling system of shiplock composed of short culverts and energy dissipation room with grating holes, its whole 3-D model was established. Through RNG k~ε model of turbulence flow, the 3-D numerical simulation for dynamic characteristics of filling flow under the normal operation condition were conducted by using dynamic mesh technology for the valve and method. According to the energy dissipation ratio and the amount of free surface turbulence kinetic energy,the energy dissipation effect of room with grating holes was analyzed. According to the turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence energy dissipation ratio and velocity distribution, the energy dissipation mechanism was revealed. The results indicated that more than 90% of thewater flow energy can be consumed by the energy dissipation room with grating holes and the energy consumption mainly occurs in the process of energy exchange in the energy dissipation room. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Transportation Engineering

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Evaluation and Application of Traffic Safety Facilities on Rural Road in Mountain Area Based on HSM —A Case Study of Bend Sections Huang Chengfeng, Zhao Guanghui, Wang Ping 2015, 34(5): 89-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (509KB) ( )   According to more accidents happened on rural roads in mountain area, the two-lane rural highway accident prediction model of American “Highway Safety Manual” (HSM) was introduced. HSM was combined with the projection method to evaluate the traffic safety facilities selection program, and the selection method of safety facilities on rural roads in mountain area was proposed, and the sharp bends sections were taken as examples. The study is meaningful to the selection of security measures on rural roads in mountain area and the enhancement of the mountainous rural transport safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Implementation of Driver Stress Training Simulation System Chen Ying 2015, 34(5): 95-99.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (849KB) ( )   The high stress state of drivers during driving will easily cause traffic accidents. The study on the driver stress can’t adopt real vehicle because of its high danger. The training driving simulator is of safety, economy and efficiency, which is applied to driver stress research. The driver stress training system was established by VC++ and OpenGL technology, which realized the visual driver stress training simulation system. 30 persons were picked up to carry out the simulation test; the accomplishment rate of scenarios selection and physical indices of persons were adopted as the experimental parameters to verify the validity of the system. The results show that the designed driver stress training system can be used to improve the ability of driver stress, which has practical significance for the drivers to avoid emergency actions in emergency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driver Stimulus-Response Model Based on Dynamic Traffic Induction Information Ren Qiliang, Sun Fengrui 2015, 34(5): 100-105.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (575KB) ( )   For the problems of information concussion generated during a period of time when the traffic information service of urban road released, the driver stimulus-response model based on the strategy of urban dynamic traffic induction information to eliminate information concussion and help drivers select the optional path was proposed, which analyzed the impact of traffic guidance induction information on the drivers’ path option, combining with drivers’ travel behavior. The proposed model took the release of traffic information service as the quantity of stimulus and the change of road traffic load as the quantity of reacting. According to the analysis of simulation example, the dynamic region of traffic information service was ensured. Researches show that the proposed method could significantly reduce the traffic information concussion, which has strong practicability in improving the utilization efficiency of urban road network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Maximum Speed Limit for Crosswalk of Urban Road at Night Guo Yufeng, Cheng Guozhu, Wu Lixin, Xu Liang, Mo Xuanyan 2015, 34(5): 106-109.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   Through experiment of driver distance recognition, the impacts of crossing pedestrian’s characteristics at night on driver recognition ability were analyzed. The regulation of driver recognition distance changing with driving speed at night was also studied under different average luminance. Relationship model among above three variants was established. Calculation method of maximum speed limit value for crosswalk of urban road at night was given. Results show that there are negative linear and positive logarithm relation between driver recognition distance at night and driving speed, average luminance respectively. The presented method is applied to carry out the maximum speed limit for crosswalk at night, which can ensure driver’s enough safe stopping distance after recognizing crossing pedestrian at night. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Self-organizing IVTIS Model and Diffusion Effect Evaluation of Congestion Information in Road Network Zhang Qi, Zheng Hao, Zhang Jianping, Peng Hong 2015, 34(5): 110-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.22 Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   The concentrated traffic information system had problems, such as over-size investment on infrastructure and over-concentrated data processing. The self-organizing traffic information system focused more on the information safety and focused less on the collection and release of congestion information of the road network. According to the conditions mentioned above, a VANET-based and urban road network-oriented self-organizing intelligent vehicular traffic information system (IVTIS) pattern and model was proposed. Road network congestion information collection, integration and dynamic disseminating effects were simulated and analyzed comprehensively based on the secondary development platform of VISSIM and relative evaluation indexes. Moreover, impacts of vehicle inflow and information packet loss rate during transmitting on the congestion information spread within the whole road network were compared and evaluated. The simulation results confirm not only the rationality and feasibility of the proposed IVTIS model, but also its satisfactory performance in automatic real-time collection and dynamic spreading of congestion information within the whole urban road network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Congestion Pricing Design Based on Time Values and Gini Coefficient of Elastic Demand Luo Chaohui 2015, 34(5): 114-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.23 Abstract ( )   PDF (523KB) ( )   Bi-level programming model is an important instrument for traffic congestion charging design. The under-layer often uses the SUE model of elastic demand, while the upper one often aims at the maximal user surplus. Taking time values and social equity factors into account, the upper model of traditional bi-level programming model was transformed to form an objective function which aimed at the larger user surplus with smaller Gini coefficient. In the meantime, the parameters controlling the Gini coefficient were used to achieve different requirements of traffic congestion charging design under different social equity factors. The example shows that the traffic congestion charging design based on time values and Gini coefficient of elastic demand contributes to alleviation of traffic congestion as well as improvement of user surplus and traffic equity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fleet Deployment of Liner Ship Company Considering Vessel’s Emissions Yang Bin, Rao Mingjun, Zhu Xiaolin, Xu Bowei 2015, 34(5): 120-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.24 Abstract ( )   PDF (492KB) ( )   Aiming at the problems of vessel’s emissions and liner ship fleet deployment in container shipping system, the composition of total liner operation costs was analyzed. According to the features of cycle multi-port call route in ocean liner service, as well as the characteristics of container transshipment, a multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model for liner ship company fleet deployment was established with the objective of minimizing total costs of liner operation and emissions, which was based on the low-carbon economy on the premise that vessel’s speed was made as decision variables. And then the multi-objective recursive algorithm was applied to solve the function. The sensitivity analysis of sailing speed and Pareto were analyzed in case studies, the lowest emissions speed was discovered. Moreover, making use of the features of shipping hub and spoke network, hub pots were chosen from many parts to generate scale economies. Result indicates that the proposed model can simultaneously develop fleet allocation and container transshipment and its optimization result accords with the actual condition, which is referential for the vessel capacity decision for the supply and demand balance of shipping market. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship Formal Safety Assessment Method Based on Evidence Theory and Prospect Theory Tan Jiawan, Yuan Hao 2015, 34(5): 126-129.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.25 Abstract ( )   PDF (433KB) ( )   Traditional safety assessment method has disadvantages, such as much uncertain information and incomplete information collection. A kind of method based on evidence theory and prospect theory was proposed to assess the safety of the ship. Firstly, the theory of evidence was used to show the safety assessment of each system or parts, which could well demonstrate the uncertainty and incompleteness of information. Then, the widely-used prospect theory was used to assess the whole ship’s safety system. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively assess the system’s safety of the ship. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vessel Motion Pattern Recognition Based on One-Way Distance Spectral Clustering Algorithm Ma Wenyao, Wu Zhaolin, Yang Jiaxuan, Li Weifeng 2015, 34(5): 130-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.26 Abstract ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   The vessel motion pattern recognition from marine large data can discovery high-level situational awareness, which improves the efficiency of maritime surveillance technology. Therefore, a motion pattern of vessel recognition methods based on one-way distance spectral clustering algorithm was proposed. The anti-interference of the one-way distance measurement was fully used to form the similarity value of trajectory based on one-way distance, and then the similarity matrix of the trajectory was also obtained. The regular motion patterns of vessels were extracted from the trajectories spatial distribution learnt by the spectral clustering algorithm in unsupervised learning way. Finally, the motion patterns for vessels entering into Xiuying port were analyzed by using real AIS data sample in Qiongzhou strait. And distance of inner pattern class and distance between of pattern class were calculated separately. Four obtained typical patterns were in consistence with those of the real traffic. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed clustering methods is of good performance and well fit for identifying motion patterns of vessel in areas, such as coastal ports, narrow channels and complicated traffic zones. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction Model of Port Container Throughput Based on Grey Neural Network Zhang Shukui, Xiao Yingjie, Lu Zi’ai 2015, 34(5): 135-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.27 Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   In order to reduce prediction error of port container throughput and improve its prediction accuracy, a Grey neural network model of port container throughput was constructed after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional Grey model and BP neural network model. The new model made full use of the characteristic of low data demand of Grey model and strong nonlinear fitting ability of BP neural network. The actually measured values were used as the initial data, and various prediction values of Grey model were used as input data of neural network and final output data of neural network was used as combination prediction result. A case study shows that the Grey neural network model can offer improved prediction accuracy and ideal prediction results, which is better than single forecasting model. Therefore, it is feasible and effective to predict port container throughput by Grey neural network model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle & Electromechanical Engineering

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Effect of Structure Parameters and Model Processing Method of Tractor-Semitrailer Combination on the Ride Performance Liu Xiandong，Lv Haibo，Zhang Hongwei，Shan Yingchun 2015, 34(5): 139-144.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.28 Abstract ( )   PDF (894KB) ( )   The half vehicle dynamics model with 11 degrees of freedom of the combination which was composed of 6×4 tractor and semi-trailer with 3 axles was eatablished. The effects of the processing methods of the equilibrator suspension system and the fully suspended cab on the ride performance of the combination were investigated by frequency domain method under the excitation of road roughness. and then MATLAB was used to compile program. Further, the research on the effects of the parameters of suspension stiffness and damping, tire stiffness, fifth-wheel lead and the centroid position of goods on the ride performance of the combination were also carried out, and these effects were sorted by magnitude. The results of the two models were compared. These efforts will provide some theoretical guidance for the design of semi-trailer tractor combination and the match between tractor and semi-trailer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Optimization of Diesel Vehicle Creeping Noise Huang Dingyou, Ren Minghui, Wang Sizu, Xu Jingchao 2015, 34(5): 145-149.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.29 Abstract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   In the creeping case of vehicle with clutch of manual gearbox, torsion damper is not able to reduce the vibration, due to the configuration of the clutch itself, consequently, which may affect the NVH of vehicle and lead to the abnormal noise. With regard of some domestic diesel SUV, the mechanism of creeping noise was analyzed. Optimization of the torsional vibration characteristics’ curve was carried out by use of adjusting the torsional stiffness of torsion damper, the friction damping, pre-tension torque, stiffness series, etc. In the meantime, vehicle trial was performed to measure the variation of torsional vibration with torsional vibration analyzer and the subjective evaluation of creeping noise was conducted with magnitude estimation. Finally, the strategy of a large turn-angle, variable damping and three-level clutch was acquired to radically solve the problem of creeping noise. The improved method and new configuration proposed is also appropriate to any vehicle with a torsion damper clutch. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Simulation of Combination Vehicle Rollover in the Case of Worn Mechanical Coupling Pin Tian Jinyue, Yao Jinyu, Ren Zhenning, Wang Jinwei 2015, 34(5): 150-154.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.30 Abstract ( )   PDF (706KB) ( )   A mathematical model of the process of the rollover of combination vehicle was established, and some important characteristics in the process of rollover in the case that the connecting pin of combination vehicle had been worn were analyzed and researched. Vehicle steering stability under different conditions was analyzed and compared by the computer simulation of MATLAB and VEH-SIM, focusing on the conditions that the connecting pin was worn in combination vehicle steering roll situation. Finally, the way of realizing the safe and stable performance of combination vehicles was explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Graded Permanent Magnet Retarder He Ren, Wang Jing, Wang Liang 2015, 34(5): 155-159.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.31 Abstract ( )   PDF (822KB) ( )   A new concept that the brake torque of permanent magnet retarder can be divided and controlled in grades was introduced. Then the structure scheme of brake torque graded permanent magnet retarder was designed. The structural parameters of various parts of the graded permanent magnet retarder were determined by theoretical calculation, according to the vehicle installation requirements. The brake torque when the permanent magnet retarder was working under different working conditions was simulated by using Maxwell 3D analysis soft. The results show that the designed brake torque graded permanent magnet retarder complies with the design requirements, whose effect of grading of brake torque was obvious. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wet Brake Noise Analysis Based on Fractal Geometry Luo Tianhong, Wang Yunlu, Luo Wenjun, Lin Chao 2015, 34(5): 160-164.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.32 Abstract ( )   PDF (506KB) ( )   The generation mechanism of brake noise of wet brakes is related with the stick-slip vibration characteristic of its friction media. In order to study the effect of friction coefficient on the brake noise, the fractal geometry model of friction coefficient was established, regarding the friction coefficient as a variable. The influence trend of friction coefficients change on the instability trend of system was analyzed, when the interaction of particles between contact patterns was ignored or considered. In both cases above, the instability trends of system were completely different. So it is concluded that multiple parameters affect the stability of system. When the brake noise of wet brake is studied, each parameter needs to be consistent with each other, which makes the brake system trend to be stable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault Tolerant and Fault Diagnosis Technologies of Automobile Steer-by-Wire System Yu Leiyan 2015, 34(5): 165-169.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.33 Abstract ( )   PDF (562KB) ( )   Firstly, the basic structure, application area and fault tolerant requirements were analyzed. Then, fault tolerant methods including analytical redundancy methods based on the observation home and abroad research status of key parts of steer-by-wire system including sensors, electronic control units, actuators, communication network and power supplies was researched. Finally, home and abroad research status of fault diagnosis methods of steer-by-wire system were analyzed. The proposed study helps to improve fault tolerant and fault diagnosis ability of steer-by-wire system and to realize mass production of automobile steer-by-wire systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SOC Estimation of the Electric Vehicle Li-ion Battery Based on Six-Parameter RC Circuit Equivalent Model Huang Bingfeng, Yang Zhengcai, Fu Jiahong 2015, 34(5): 170-174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.34 Abstract ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )   In order to improve the estimation accuracy of state of charge (SOC) for Li-ion battery commonly used in electric vehicles, a battery model was first proposed which was equivalent to a six-parameter RC circuit. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) was then employed to estimate the SOC while dealing with the nonlinearity of the battery model. Further to cope with the disturbances caused by unknown and random noises, an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm was introduced which estimated the statistical attributes of the noises for the purpose to adaptively adjust the SOC estimation. Simulation results show that the AEKF algorithm is more robust to the external disturbances, although both EKF and AEKF algorithms have quite accurate SOC estimation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on River Electric Propulsion Ship Vibration Yang Jingdong, Wang Zhixiang, Sun Yonggan, Wang Hongmei 2015, 34(5): 175-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2015.05.35 Abstract ( )   PDF (1588KB) ( )   For the stern area harmful vibration problems of the first river electric propulsion luxury cruise ship, the simulation calculation for ship whole and local structure was carried out by MSC PATRAN software; the overall structure and local excitation source, vibration mode and natural frequency were studied. Comparative analysis was carried out between the experimental data and the measured data, which verified the reliability of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Furthermore, the causes in terms of vibration problems were summarized, and the corresponding ship vibration optimization measures were put forward. References | Related Articles | Metrics