Abstract: The failure costs were used to assess the bridge failure effects , and a quantitative cost model of bridge failure was proposed. Failure costs of bridge , which indicated the consequence of bridge failure , were divided into the reconstruction cost , transportation cost , delay cost of road and traffic management cost , personal injury compensation cost , repair cost and other indirect cost. The characteristics and calculation methods of the above components were focused. The single cost indicator was proposed to consider the impact of the failure costs in different times , and the severity coefficient of the consequence were used to compare the severity of different degrees of the bridge failures. A case study was carried out. The results show that the proposed cost model is representative and can be used for the cost estimation of bridges failure and scientific management in decision-making. Taking social impacts into account , the failure costs are more complex , which needs to be further studied.

Key words: bridge engineering, bridge failure, failure cost, element failure, system failure

摘要： 用失效成本来评估桥梁失效后果，提出了桥梁失效成本组成的定量模型;把桥梁失效成本分为重建成本、交通 延迟成本、道路与交通管理成本、人身损害赔偿成本及其它间接成本，重点研究了各组成成本的特点与计算方法;提 出用分项成本指标来考虑失效成本在不同时间的影响，用后果严重性系数来比较不同桥梁失效程度的严重性，并进 行了实例分析。研究结果表明:提出的桥梁失效成本定量模型具有一定的代表意义，可供桥梁管理者进行科学的养 护决策。但涉及到社会影响等因素，失效成本往往更复杂，是进一步研究的方向。

关键词: 桥梁工程, 桥梁失效, 失效成本, 构件失效, 系统失效