Abstract: Scheme comparison is widely used in the optimallocation design and optimal scheme is the core of successful design. But it is just hased on designer' s experience at present. Extenics is the extensive possibility of things and the rules and it is the method of exploitation and innovation with formalized model. This paper introduced the concept of matter-element and summarized the framework of extenics to resolve contradictory problems , and provided the principle of each method. Two case studies were performed to discuss the specific application and formal description of extenics in resolving the incompatible and opposite problems. The cases were related to the schedule control for the long tunnel along valley hy composition chain method and the environment protection for line passing through forest by transforming bridge method. According to the process of railway location design , the recommended extenics methods for different phases were then presented.

Key words: extenics, location design, generation scheme, intelligent

摘要： 选线设计-优化的手段基本是方案比选，如何产生优化方案就成为成功设计的关键，但在此方面目前只能依靠 设计者的经验。可拓学是用形式化模型研究事物拓展的可能性和开拓创新的规律与方法。首先介绍了物元的基本 概念，归纳总结出可拓学解决矛盾问题的方法架构，并介绍了每种方法的原理;然后，以用分合链方法解决傍山长隧 道的工期控制问题、用转换桥方法解决线路通过林区的环境保护问题为例，论述了可拓学在解决不相容问题和对立 问题的具体应用程式和形式化描述;最后按照铁路选线设计的作业流程，提出了各阶段适宜参考的可拓学方法。

关键词: 可拓学, 选线设计, 生成方案, 智能化