Abstract: In order to improve the safety of highway construction, the causes of accidents were explored based on the theory of safety engineering and combined with the characteristics of highway construction, through a large amount of investigation, qualitative and quantitative analysis of construction accident data. The risk factors affecting the safety of highway construction were preliminarily determined. Through the SP/RP investigation and analysis from six aspects such as technology, material and equipment, personnel, organization and management, environment and logistics, the evaluation index table of risk factors was established. On this basis, the membership function was established by the method of relative difference function, thereby the comprehensive relative membership matrix was constructed. Finally, the risk assessment grade of engineering case was obtained. The research results show that the model based on the relative difference function can quantify the risk assessment indexes which are difficult to quantify, and can adapt to the risk assessment under various conditions. It can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of expressway construction evaluation results, provide the basis for taking corresponding safety measures and ensure the construction safety.

Key words: highway engineering, risk factors, SP/RP survey, relative difference function, highway construction

摘要： 为了提高高速公路施工的安全性，以安全工程理论为基础，结合高速公路的施工特点，通过大量的施工事故数据调研、定性和定量分析，探索事故的形成原因，初步确定了影响高速公路施工安全的风险因素。通过对技术、材料设备、人员、组织管理、环境、后勤6方面SP/RP调查分析，建立了风险因素评估指标表；在此基础上用相对差异函数法建立隶属度函数，从而构建了综合相对隶属度矩阵，最终得到工程实例的风险评估等级。研究结果表明：基于相对差异函数建立的模型可将难以量化的风险评估指标量化，能够适应多种条件下的风险评估，有效提高了高速公路施工评估结果的精确度和评估效率，为采取相应的安全措施提供了依据，保障了施工安全。

关键词: 道路工程, 风险因素, SP/RP调查, 相对差异函数, 高速公路施工