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Limitation Span of Self-Anchored Cable-Stayed Bridge ( I) Zhang Yangyong 2013, 32(2): 177-0182.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.01 Abstract ( )   The limitation span of whole self-anchor cable-stayed bridge system is discussed in terms of material strength of stay cable and girder at the current level of material and construction． Research results show that girder strength under transverse limit static gust wind load is the main factor to limit the increase of cable-stayed bridge span; girder strength under live load is secondary factor; stay cable strength and its support efficiency is of little effect on the limitation span of cable-stayed bridge． The primary problem of increasing cable-stayed bridge span is to improve the lateral stiffness of girder． The results provide some reference in concept design for super long span cable-stayed bridge． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Limitation Span of Self-Anchored Cable-Stayed Bridge (I) Zhang Yangyong 2013, 32(2): 177-182.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   The limitation span of whole self-anchor cable-stayed bridge system is discussed in terms of material strength of stay cable and girder at the current level of material and construction． Research results show that girder strength under transverse limit static gust wind load is the main factor to limit the increase of cable-stayed bridge span; girder strength under live load is secondary factor; stay cable strength and its support efficiency is of little effect on the limitation span of cable-stayed bridge． The primary problem of increasing cable-stayed bridge span is to improve the lateral stiffness of girder． The results provide some reference in concept design for super long span cable-stayed bridge． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Friction Effect of Girder of Horizontal Swing Continuous Beam Bridge in Cast-in-Site Construction Wu HaiJun，Liu Jian，Zhang Lei 2013, 32(2): 183-0186.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.02 Abstract ( )   The continuous beam bridge constructed with the technology of horizontal swing usually builds its’spin beam section in a way of scaffold in-site． When the spin beam section is too long，a great frictional force and tangential cohesive force will occur in the contact surface between the casting beam body and shuttering，which will hinder the free deformation of beam，as a result，the stress losses of pre-stressed box beam will be increased． Using finite element analysis software，the frictional coefficients between the casting beam and the holder of bottom shuttering are analyzed，and the girder element stress of the biggest cantilever state is calculated when the pre-stressed reinforced steel is stretched． The result indicates that the influence of the friction effect and tangential cohesive effect on the pre-stress of beam body can’t be ignored in some cases． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Friction Effect of Girder of Horizontal Swing Continuous Beam Bridge in Cast-in-Site Construction Wu HaiJun，Liu Jian，Zhang Lei 2013, 32(2): 183-186.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (376KB) ( )   The continuous beam bridge constructed with the technology of horizontal swing usually builds its’spin beam section in a way of scaffold in-site． When the spin beam section is too long，a great frictional force and tangential cohesive force will occur in the contact surface between the casting beam body and shuttering，which will hinder the free deformation of beam，as a result，the stress losses of pre-stressed box beam will be increased． Using finite element analysis software，the frictional coefficients between the casting beam and the holder of bottom shuttering are analyzed，and the girder element stress of the biggest cantilever state is calculated when the pre-stressed reinforced steel is stretched． The result indicates that the influence of the friction effect and tangential cohesive effect on the pre-stress of beam body can’t be ignored in some cases． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Shrinkage on Stress of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Zhao Chaohua 2013, 32(2): 187-0189.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.03 Abstract ( )   According to stress characteristics of steel bridge deck paving，the thermal stress calculation formula of pavement is derived． With the help of the formula，combing with the actual paving materials and the actual service environment，the analysis of temperature stress and shrinkage stress of commonly-used paving materials has been carried out． And a contrast analysis between them and the stress of pavement under vehicle loads has also been carried out． According to the calculations， the factors of natural environment such as temperature and shrinkage are more significant in influencing the steel bridge deck pavement than that vehicle loads does． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Shrinkage on Stress of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Zhao Chaohua 2013, 32(2): 187-189.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (287KB) ( )   According to stress characteristics of steel bridge deck paving，the thermal stress calculation formula of pavement is derived． With the help of the formula，combing with the actual paving materials and the actual service environment，the analysis of temperature stress and shrinkage stress of commonly-used paving materials has been carried out． And a contrast analysis between them and the stress of pavement under vehicle loads has also been carried out． According to the calculations， the factors of natural environment such as temperature and shrinkage are more significant in influencing the steel bridge deck pavement than that vehicle loads does． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temperature Effect of Abutment Crack Song Jun，Zhou Jianting，Wang Yang 2013, 32(2): 190-0193.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.04 Abstract ( )   Taking Chongqing Panxi Road Interchange Project as an example，the effect of temperature stress caused by cooling in winter on the stress change of mass concrete structures of bridge abutment is studied． Abutment back treatment is slit by finite element software and then the stress field distribution of bridge abutment stress is studied． Research results show that the effect of temperature on lateral abutment is more sensitive than the medial one． In the cooling time，the lateral is easier to crack; the increase of vertical slit at abutment back position is in favor of releasing the abutment temperature stress． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temperature Effect of Abutment Crack Song Jun，Zhou Jianting，Wang Yang 2013, 32(2): 190-193.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (660KB) ( )   Taking Chongqing Panxi Road Interchange Project as an example，the effect of temperature stress caused by cooling in winter on the stress change of mass concrete structures of bridge abutment is studied． Abutment back treatment is slit by finite element software and then the stress field distribution of bridge abutment stress is studied． Research results show that the effect of temperature on lateral abutment is more sensitive than the medial one． In the cooling time，the lateral is easier to crack; the increase of vertical slit at abutment back position is in favor of releasing the abutment temperature stress． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation Method of Load-Bearing Capacity of Highway Girder Bridge in New Specification Zhang Xiqiang，Chen Hui，Qi Jiehui 2013, 32(2): 194-0197.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.05 Abstract ( )   The way of inspection and evaluation of load-bearing capacity of active-duty highway girder bridge was introduced． The proposed approach adopted the sub-calculation factor to modify the expression of the limit state design method to carry out the capacity assessment according to the bridge test results，which improves the objectivity of assessment and operability of evaluation of load-bearing capacity of girder bridge． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation Method of Load-Bearing Capacity of Highway Girder Bridge in New Specification Zhang Xiqiang，Chen Hui，Qi Jiehui 2013, 32(2): 194-197.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (294KB) ( )   The way of inspection and evaluation of load-bearing capacity of active-duty highway girder bridge was introduced． The proposed approach adopted the sub-calculation factor to modify the expression of the limit state design method to carry out the capacity assessment according to the bridge test results，which improves the objectivity of assessment and operability of evaluation of load-bearing capacity of girder bridge． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical Response Law of Semi-Rigid Asphalt Pavement under Different Loads Liu Shigui，Yu Xin 2013, 32(2): 198-0202.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.06 Abstract ( )   Based on typical construction of semi-rigid asphalt pavement，the three-dimensional dynamic model was built up． Considering four combined load types of standard load，standard load + brake，overload，overload + brake，taking the worst two-wheel contact surface pattern of rectangular section，the analysis method of characteristic path and the numerical simulation method were to analyze the mechanical response law of the surface and the deeper part of the road． The results show that the brake has little impact on the road deflection and compressive strain on top layer，but the effect in the condition of overload is significant． Brake has great influence on the flexural stress on the surface course，and the large tensile force appears in the upper layer． But the brake almost have no influence on the base course，overload greatly increase the flexural stress． Peak of shear stress increases significantly in the condition of overload and brake，especially when brake appears． The place where peak of mechanical response appears changes along the depth of the road surface． We shall choose the corresponding peak as the mechanical index when we design the asphalt pavement and do the mechanical analysis． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical Response Law of Semi-Rigid Asphalt Pavement under Different Loads Liu Shigui，Yu Xin 2013, 32(2): 198-202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (693KB) ( )   Based on typical construction of semi-rigid asphalt pavement，the three-dimensional dynamic model was built up． Considering four combined load types of standard load，standard load + brake，overload，overload + brake，taking the worst two-wheel contact surface pattern of rectangular section，the analysis method of characteristic path and the numerical simulation method were to analyze the mechanical response law of the surface and the deeper part of the road． The results show that the brake has little impact on the road deflection and compressive strain on top layer，but the effect in the condition of overload is significant． Brake has great influence on the flexural stress on the surface course，and the large tensile force appears in the upper layer． But the brake almost have no influence on the base course，overload greatly increase the flexural stress． Peak of shear stress increases significantly in the condition of overload and brake，especially when brake appears． The place where peak of mechanical response appears changes along the depth of the road surface． We shall choose the corresponding peak as the mechanical index when we design the asphalt pavement and do the mechanical analysis． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nanometer TiO2 in Anti-Ultraviolet Aging in Asphalt Liang Hui，Lv Bin 2013, 32(2): 203-0206.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.07 Abstract ( )   By testing of the penetration，ductility and softening point of asphalt before and after ultraviolet aging，the influenceof nanometer TiO2 and its dosage on the asphalt anti-ultraviolet aging is analyzed． The test results show that after ultravioletray aging，the penetration and ductility of asphalt mixed with nanometer TiO2 are enhanced，and the softening pointobviously decreases; the increase degree of the penetration index reduces，but the loss ratios of penetration，ductility andsoftening point all decrease obviously． It is concluded that the optimal mixing quantity of nanometer TiO2 is 1%． The resultsindicate that nanometer TiO2 as the ultraviolet absorption anti-aging agent can improve the asphalt’s ultraviolet resistance References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nanometer TiO2 in Anti-Ultraviolet Aging in Asphalt Liang Hui，Lv Bin 2013, 32(2): 203-206.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (574KB) ( )   By testing of the penetration，ductility and softening point of asphalt before and after ultraviolet aging，the influenceof nanometer TiO2 and its dosage on the asphalt anti-ultraviolet aging is analyzed． The test results show that after ultravioletray aging，the penetration and ductility of asphalt mixed with nanometer TiO2 are enhanced，and the softening pointobviously decreases; the increase degree of the penetration index reduces，but the loss ratios of penetration，ductility andsoftening point all decrease obviously． It is concluded that the optimal mixing quantity of nanometer TiO2 is 1%． The resultsindicate that nanometer TiO2 as the ultraviolet absorption anti-aging agent can improve the asphalt’s ultraviolet resistance References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DSC Analysis on Asphalt and Asphalt Fractions Chen Huaxin，He Mengshuang，Li Yuanyuan，Yan He 2013, 32(2): 207-0210.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.08 Abstract ( )   Asphalt fraction analysis and DSC ( Differential Scanning Calorimetry) instrument were adopted to analyze the property of the asphalt from the microscopic． ESSO 90 # matrix asphalt and RTFO ( Rotary Film Oven) / PAV ( Pressure Aging) matrix asphalt were selected，and the asphalt four fractions ( asphaltene，saturates，aromatics，colloid) were studied during the test． The results show that: DSC can better describe internal phase state of asphalt changing with temperature，and remain consistent with the three major asphalt macro indicators; asphaltene and colloid affect the high temperature performance of asphalt． Saturates and aromatics affect the low temperature performance of asphalt; saturates has an significant impaction on asphalt property． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DSC Analysis on Asphalt and Asphalt Fractions Chen Huaxin，He Mengshuang，Li Yuanyuan，Yan He 2013, 32(2): 207-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (424KB) ( )   Asphalt fraction analysis and DSC ( Differential Scanning Calorimetry) instrument were adopted to analyze the property of the asphalt from the microscopic． ESSO 90 # matrix asphalt and RTFO ( Rotary Film Oven) / PAV ( Pressure Aging) matrix asphalt were selected，and the asphalt four fractions ( asphaltene，saturates，aromatics，colloid) were studied during the test． The results show that: DSC can better describe internal phase state of asphalt changing with temperature，and remain consistent with the three major asphalt macro indicators; asphaltene and colloid affect the high temperature performance of asphalt． Saturates and aromatics affect the low temperature performance of asphalt; saturates has an significant impaction on asphalt property． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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RCC Optimization of High-Grade Asphalt Pavement Wang Ying，Liu Yunxin，Du Yinfei 2013, 32(2): 211-0214.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.09 Abstract ( )   Through the quantitative analysis on various influence factors，such as temperature，velocity，overlap wheel width and paragraph in the rolling and compacting process of the asphalt pavement，the inner contact among various factors affecting the compaction quality is found out and the corresponding theoretical equations for calculating are given． With the combination of case studies，the application prospect of the theory in the practice is described． The proposed theory is available to control and manage rolling and compacting quality of the asphalt pavement at the construction site． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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RCC Optimization of High-Grade Asphalt Pavement Wang Ying，Liu Yunxin，Du Yinfei 2013, 32(2): 211-214.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (283KB) ( )   Through the quantitative analysis on various influence factors，such as temperature，velocity，overlap wheel width and paragraph in the rolling and compacting process of the asphalt pavement，the inner contact among various factors affecting the compaction quality is found out and the corresponding theoretical equations for calculating are given． With the combination of case studies，the application prospect of the theory in the practice is described． The proposed theory is available to control and manage rolling and compacting quality of the asphalt pavement at the construction site． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Shrinkage Performance of Dense Skeleton Based on Lime Fly-Ash Stabilized Aggregate Ma Shibin，Liu Junqin，Guo Jianning，Wang Lijie，Chen Xi 2013, 32(2): 215-0219.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.10 Abstract ( )   Dry shrinkage performance of lime fly-ash macadam was analyzed with different mix proportions，which was based on the indices of water loss rate，dry shrinkage strain and shrinkage coefficients． By regression analysis，the relation of accumulative dry shrinkage amount with time and accumulative water loss rate was got． Through temperature shrinkage test the relation between temperature shrinkage coefficient and temperature range was studied，and the relation between average temperature shrinkage coefficient and maximum temperature shrinkage coefficient was researched． The results show that: dry shrinkage performance with lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate in gravelly conditions is superior to the normal lime fly-ash macadam mixture． Dry shrinkage performance is in different orders after forming the specimens at early and late time with differentmix proportions． Dry shrinkage performance with mix proportion of 8 ∶ 12 ∶ 80，6 ∶ 14 ∶ 80，8 ∶ 17 ∶ 75 are superior to 5 ∶ 10 ∶ 75． It is reasonable that using temperature shrinkage coefficients of 0 ～ － 10℃ to evaluate the temperature shrinkage performance of lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Shrinkage Performance of Dense Skeleton Based on Lime Fly-Ash Stabilized Aggregate Ma Shibin，Liu Junqin，Guo Jianning，Wang Lijie，Chen Xi 2013, 32(2): 215-219.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (536KB) ( )   Dry shrinkage performance of lime fly-ash macadam was analyzed with different mix proportions，which was based on the indices of water loss rate，dry shrinkage strain and shrinkage coefficients． By regression analysis，the relation of accumulative dry shrinkage amount with time and accumulative water loss rate was got． Through temperature shrinkage test the relation between temperature shrinkage coefficient and temperature range was studied，and the relation between average temperature shrinkage coefficient and maximum temperature shrinkage coefficient was researched． The results show that: dry shrinkage performance with lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate in gravelly conditions is superior to the normal lime fly-ash macadam mixture． Dry shrinkage performance is in different orders after forming the specimens at early and late time with differentmix proportions． Dry shrinkage performance with mix proportion of 8 ∶ 12 ∶ 80，6 ∶ 14 ∶ 80，8 ∶ 17 ∶ 75 are superior to 5 ∶ 10 ∶ 75． It is reasonable that using temperature shrinkage coefficients of 0 ～ － 10℃ to evaluate the temperature shrinkage performance of lime fly-ash stabilized aggregate． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Treatment Measures of Silt Soil Zhu Yong，Zong Xuhui 2013, 32(2): 220-0223.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.11 Abstract ( )   Based on the project design of Nantong section in Lin-Hai Highway，the physical state，grain composition，liquid-plastic limit，compaction characteristics and expandability of the soil samples along the way were analyzed，meanwhile，the California Bearing Ratio test ( CBR) was carried out． The test results indicated that，the spot soil was poorly-graded silt soil，which can’t be directly used as roadbed and road subbase． Through the comparative analysis of CBR results of several improvement programs of soil as roadbed filler and the unconfined compression test results of different treatment methods to improve soil used as road subbase，a recommended proposal of roadbed filler and pavement structure subbase materials is put forward References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Treatment Measures of Silt Soil Zhu Yong，Zong Xuhui 2013, 32(2): 220-223.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Based on the project design of Nantong section in Lin-Hai Highway，the physical state，grain composition，liquid-plastic limit，compaction characteristics and expandability of the soil samples along the way were analyzed，meanwhile，the California Bearing Ratio test ( CBR) was carried out． The test results indicated that，the spot soil was poorly-graded silt soil，which can’t be directly used as roadbed and road subbase． Through the comparative analysis of CBR results of several improvement programs of soil as roadbed filler and the unconfined compression test results of different treatment methods to improve soil used as road subbase，a recommended proposal of roadbed filler and pavement structure subbase materials is put forward References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Deformation Control Standard and Supporting Measures of Yanghe Tunnel Jin Baocheng 2013, 32(2): 224-0228.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.12 Abstract ( )   Yanghe tunnel has the particularities of complex． Hole body of Yanghe tunnel appears long paragraphs carbonaceous schist，weak rock strength，poor stability and it is easy to melt into mud with water and vulnerable to collapse． Tunnel boring and serious deformation of surrounding rock result in severe deformation and collapse of initial supporting steel arch，which means that the security control and construction is of difficulty． According to the deformation time curve and time curve of surrounding rock pressure measured in field test，creep model inversion theological parameters are adopted，to analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of the tunnel carbonaceous schist lot of construction of large deformation． Control measures corresponding with carbonaceous schist grading standards are proposed，which is the technology breakthrough of deformation control of complex carbonaceous schist condition weak wall rock． Fast construction method for large deformation control of the tunnel under complex carbonaceous schist conditions is obtained． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Deformation Control Standard and Supporting Measures of Yanghe Tunnel Jin Baocheng 2013, 32(2): 224-228.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (623KB) ( )   Yanghe tunnel has the particularities of complex． Hole body of Yanghe tunnel appears long paragraphs carbonaceous schist，weak rock strength，poor stability and it is easy to melt into mud with water and vulnerable to collapse． Tunnel boring and serious deformation of surrounding rock result in severe deformation and collapse of initial supporting steel arch，which means that the security control and construction is of difficulty． According to the deformation time curve and time curve of surrounding rock pressure measured in field test，creep model inversion theological parameters are adopted，to analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of the tunnel carbonaceous schist lot of construction of large deformation． Control measures corresponding with carbonaceous schist grading standards are proposed，which is the technology breakthrough of deformation control of complex carbonaceous schist condition weak wall rock． Fast construction method for large deformation control of the tunnel under complex carbonaceous schist conditions is obtained． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Force Analysis on Highway Tunnel’s Primary Support in Approximate Horizontal Inter-Bedded Strata of Soft and Hard Rock Yang Bin，Fang Yong，Wang Xiaomin 2013, 32(2): 229-0233.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.13 Abstract ( )   Approximate horizontal soft-hard inter-bedding rock is equivalent to the transverse isotropy rock，and its material parameters are deduced，such as density，elastic modulus，poisson ratio，etc． With the Wenjiaya tunnel in the Guang-Nan expressway as the analysis object，according to the parameters of transverse isotropic surrounding rock，the plane strain finite element model is established． And combining with the field test data，the primary support’s stress state in the process of the step cut method of the approximate horizontal layer weak rock is analyzed． Research shows that after the excavation of the upper step，the primary support is forced by the axial pressure，and vault and arch wall waist bend inward，while arch back bends outward; after the excavation of the lower step，the primary support continues to be governed by the axial pressure，and vaults and inverted arch invert inwards，while arch back and wall waist bend outward． Research conclusions correspond with the phenomenon of vault settlement and arched bottom uplifting． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Force Analysis on Highway Tunnel’s Primary Support in Approximate Horizontal Inter-Bedded Strata of Soft and Hard Rock Yang Bin，Fang Yong，Wang Xiaomin 2013, 32(2): 229-233.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (857KB) ( )   Approximate horizontal soft-hard inter-bedding rock is equivalent to the transverse isotropy rock，and its material parameters are deduced，such as density，elastic modulus，poisson ratio，etc． With the Wenjiaya tunnel in the Guang-Nan expressway as the analysis object，according to the parameters of transverse isotropic surrounding rock，the plane strain finite element model is established． And combining with the field test data，the primary support’s stress state in the process of the step cut method of the approximate horizontal layer weak rock is analyzed． Research shows that after the excavation of the upper step，the primary support is forced by the axial pressure，and vault and arch wall waist bend inward，while arch back bends outward; after the excavation of the lower step，the primary support continues to be governed by the axial pressure，and vaults and inverted arch invert inwards，while arch back and wall waist bend outward． Research conclusions correspond with the phenomenon of vault settlement and arched bottom uplifting． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Highway Pavement Thermal Radiation on Diffusion Characteristics of Automobile Emission Nox Wang Zhanyu，Du Xuejing，Chen Lin，Li Jinpeng，Guo Huanhuan 2013, 32(2): 234-0237.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.14 Abstract ( )   In order to study the diffusion characteristics of automotive emission NOx under the condition of highway pavement thermal radiation，the CFD simulation models of automobile emission NOx dispersion in real atmospheric environment were built． The numerical simulation of three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow was achieved，combining with the test of meteorological parameters and measured concentration of single vehicle; the diffusion characteristics of NOx were obtained． The results show that with the increase of pavement temperature，transportation effect on automobile emission is enhanced． At 10m vertical distance to the exhaust port along the direction of the automobile exhaust，at the height of Person’respiratory level，the NOx concentration still has a higher value． The numerical results are compared with the measured concentration and a good agreement is achieved，as well as the reliability of the CFD model is validated． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Highway Pavement Thermal Radiation on Diffusion Characteristics of Automobile Emission Nox Wang Zhanyu，Du Xuejing，Chen Lin，Li Jinpeng，Guo Huanhuan 2013, 32(2): 234-237.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (629KB) ( )   In order to study the diffusion characteristics of automotive emission NOx under the condition of highway pavement thermal radiation，the CFD simulation models of automobile emission NOx dispersion in real atmospheric environment were built． The numerical simulation of three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow was achieved，combining with the test of meteorological parameters and measured concentration of single vehicle; the diffusion characteristics of NOx were obtained． The results show that with the increase of pavement temperature，transportation effect on automobile emission is enhanced． At 10m vertical distance to the exhaust port along the direction of the automobile exhaust，at the height of Person’respiratory level，the NOx concentration still has a higher value． The numerical results are compared with the measured concentration and a good agreement is achieved，as well as the reliability of the CFD model is validated． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indexes and Evaluation Method for Highway Cuts in Harmony with Environment Jia Zhirong，Guo Zhongyin 2013, 32(2): 238-0243.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.15 Abstract ( )   In order to evaluate the harmony between cut and environment，harmony evaluation index system of cut-slope was constructed． Rule hierarchy was composed of three aspects，visual environment harmony，ecological environment harmony，traffic environment harmony; sub-rule hierarchy was composed of alignment and other 7 parts; and index layer was composed of coordination degree between highway alignment and topography，and other 21 indexes． The weights of indexes at all levels were presented by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process，and the value of harmony evaluation was obtained by utilizing the method of multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation，and an example was also given using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method( FAHP) References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indexes and Evaluation Method for Highway Cuts in Harmony with Environment Jia Zhirong，Guo Zhongyin 2013, 32(2): 238-243.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   In order to evaluate the harmony between cut and environment，harmony evaluation index system of cut-slope was constructed． Rule hierarchy was composed of three aspects，visual environment harmony，ecological environment harmony，traffic environment harmony; sub-rule hierarchy was composed of alignment and other 7 parts; and index layer was composed of coordination degree between highway alignment and topography，and other 21 indexes． The weights of indexes at all levels were presented by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process，and the value of harmony evaluation was obtained by utilizing the method of multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation，and an example was also given using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method( FAHP) References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Common Problems and Safety Technical Gist in Urban Arterial Road Design of Mountainous City Xu Huifen，Xu Jiantao 2013, 32(2): 244-0247.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.16 Abstract ( )   Aiming at current status of the road safety situation，the common design problems of mountainous urban arterial road and the running condition corresponding of representative roads are studied from the plan and vertical design standards，cross-section and lane width，intersection control，and ancillary detail design. Finally，the main control principle of urban arterial road design in mountainous city is put forward; meanwhile，the design technical gist is also set out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Common Problems and Safety Technical Gist in Urban Arterial Road Design of Mountainous City Xu Huifen，Xu Jiantao 2013, 32(2): 244-247.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (581KB) ( )   Aiming at current status of the road safety situation，the common design problems of mountainous urban arterial road and the running condition corresponding of representative roads are studied from the plan and vertical design standards，cross-section and lane width，intersection control，and ancillary detail design. Finally，the main control principle of urban arterial road design in mountainous city is put forward; meanwhile，the design technical gist is also set out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Fog Hazard Impact on Expressway Network Operation Gao Jingru 2013, 32(2): 248-0251.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.17 Abstract ( )   The relative data from expressways of Shanghai-Chongqing ( G5001 ) and Chongqing-Kunming ( G85 ) in Chongqing such as the weather，the information got by traffic testing facilities and the management information in foggy day got by Chongqing highway road network，are adopted to analyze the impact of foggy weather on highway traffic. And hazardous degree of highway road network is estimated. The research shows that: for G85，the running speed loss is 7% to 61%，volume loss is 6% to 95%; the values are 4% to 29% and 24% to 93% for G5001. Relying on principal component analysis method and cluster analysis and synthesizing the frequency of fog，the severity of fog’s influence and the traffic level of segments，the index calculation model for estimating fog hazardous impact on expressway has been established and the grading standard of fog’s hazardous impact has been also proposed. The index calculation model and the grading standard mentioned above have been applied to 146 management units of Chongqing’s expressway network，which include 19 special key segments，24 key segments and 49 minor key segments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Fog Hazard Impact on Expressway Network Operation Gao Jingru 2013, 32(2): 248-251.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (423KB) ( )   The relative data from expressways of Shanghai-Chongqing ( G5001 ) and Chongqing-Kunming ( G85 ) in Chongqing such as the weather，the information got by traffic testing facilities and the management information in foggy day got by Chongqing highway road network，are adopted to analyze the impact of foggy weather on highway traffic. And hazardous degree of highway road network is estimated. The research shows that: for G85，the running speed loss is 7% to 61%，volume loss is 6% to 95%; the values are 4% to 29% and 24% to 93% for G5001. Relying on principal component analysis method and cluster analysis and synthesizing the frequency of fog，the severity of fog’s influence and the traffic level of segments，the index calculation model for estimating fog hazardous impact on expressway has been established and the grading standard of fog’s hazardous impact has been also proposed. The index calculation model and the grading standard mentioned above have been applied to 146 management units of Chongqing’s expressway network，which include 19 special key segments，24 key segments and 49 minor key segments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordinate Relationship between Main Signals and Pre-Signals of the Variable Lane at Signalized Intersection Chen Dongjing，Li Linbo，Zhu Rui，Wu Bing 2013, 32(2): 252-0257.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.18 Abstract ( )   In order to alleviate the traffic jam that caused by the traffic flow maldistribution， and reduce the waste of capacity of intersections，a new kind of signal intersection control method was proposed. The proposed control method is based on the combined control of the main signal and the pre-signal in which the concept of the changing line behind the pre-signal was put forward. Meanwhile，the setting method of pre-signal was analyzed，and the timing formula and the calculation method of pre-signal in the process of lane transition were proposed. Then schemes before and after setting the variable lane as well as different coordinate schemes between main signals and pre-signals were simulated and compared with VISSIM. The simulation results show that the method can significantly reduce the key state parameters such as delay References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordinate Relationship between Main Signals and Pre-Signals of the Variable Lane at Signalized Intersection Chen Dongjing，Li Linbo，Zhu Rui，Wu Bing 2013, 32(2): 252-257.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   In order to alleviate the traffic jam that caused by the traffic flow maldistribution， and reduce the waste of capacity of intersections，a new kind of signal intersection control method was proposed. The proposed control method is based on the combined control of the main signal and the pre-signal in which the concept of the changing line behind the pre-signal was put forward. Meanwhile，the setting method of pre-signal was analyzed，and the timing formula and the calculation method of pre-signal in the process of lane transition were proposed. Then schemes before and after setting the variable lane as well as different coordinate schemes between main signals and pre-signals were simulated and compared with VISSIM. The simulation results show that the method can significantly reduce the key state parameters such as delay References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Vehicles Dispatching Model for Multiple Depots in Regional Traffic Xu Yuting，Song Rui，Zheng Li 2013, 32(2): 258-0262.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.19 Abstract ( )   On the base of the fundamental model whose objective was to minimize the company’s costs，multiple depot dispatching problem was discussed and then the corresponding model was established，in which minimizing passengers’waiting expense was considered in the objective function. Then deficit function was used to solve the objective function，which can be solved in two different ways: firstly，manual work was used to insert the deadheading trips to restrict the passengers’ waiting time; secondly，PT-manager simulation software which was built on the base of deficit function was introduced to simulate and analyze. In order to make a statistic explore the actual data was introduced. The results proved that the using deficit function to solve the proposed model is simple and accurate. PT-manager simulation software could provide guide and optimization for bus dispatching staff，which also could provide referential significance to the current bus dispatching and the development of multiple depot dispatching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Vehicles Dispatching Model for Multiple Depots in Regional Traffic Xu Yuting，Song Rui，Zheng Li 2013, 32(2): 258-262.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (499KB) ( )   On the base of the fundamental model whose objective was to minimize the company’s costs，multiple depot dispatching problem was discussed and then the corresponding model was established，in which minimizing passengers’waiting expense was considered in the objective function. Then deficit function was used to solve the objective function，which can be solved in two different ways: firstly，manual work was used to insert the deadheading trips to restrict the passengers’ waiting time; secondly，PT-manager simulation software which was built on the base of deficit function was introduced to simulate and analyze. In order to make a statistic explore the actual data was introduced. The results proved that the using deficit function to solve the proposed model is simple and accurate. PT-manager simulation software could provide guide and optimization for bus dispatching staff，which also could provide referential significance to the current bus dispatching and the development of multiple depot dispatching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route Modeling and Algorithm Designing of Time-Dependent Single Vehicle Peng Yong，Xie Lujiang，Liu Song 2013, 32(2): 263-0266.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.20 Abstract ( )   The route optimization problems of one kind of time-dependent single vehicle are discussed. With the comprehensive consideration that vehicle’s velocity is changing with time and different sections of road，as well as the influence of vehicle route optimization when the vehicle provides service for multiple routes customers，a route optimization model of timedependent single vehicle is established，which takes the earliest distribution completion time as the optimization target. A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on inver-over operator with FIFO rule is developed. Adding greed dispatching restriction，a dynamic programming algorithm with FIFO rule is provided. The numerical example verifies the validity of theoretical analysis results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route Modeling and Algorithm Designing of Time-Dependent Single Vehicle Peng Yong，Xie Lujiang，Liu Song 2013, 32(2): 263-266.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )   The route optimization problems of one kind of time-dependent single vehicle are discussed. With the comprehensive consideration that vehicle’s velocity is changing with time and different sections of road，as well as the influence of vehicle route optimization when the vehicle provides service for multiple routes customers，a route optimization model of timedependent single vehicle is established，which takes the earliest distribution completion time as the optimization target. A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on inver-over operator with FIFO rule is developed. Adding greed dispatching restriction，a dynamic programming algorithm with FIFO rule is provided. The numerical example verifies the validity of theoretical analysis results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Iterative Descending Combinatorial Auction Mechanism for Transportation Business Assignment Scheme Li Liying 2013, 32(2): 267-0273.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.21 Abstract ( )   An iterative descending combinatorial auction mechanism is proposed on the base of endogenous bidding，whosee objective is to efficiently solve the truckload transportation business assignment problem of the 4PL company. By taking the dual of Winner Determination Problem ( WDP) ，a restricted dual planning is structured; whose optimal solution provides a set of approximate single-lane prices. Bidders ( 3PL companies) can use this price information to determine new profitable packages before the next round under a myopic best response bidding strategy. Numerical experiment shows that the efficiency of assignments produced by using single-lane prices with endogenous bidding is greater than that of assignments produced in the exogenous bidding mechanism when bidding is restricted to a fixed set of packages determined before the start of the auction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Iterative Descending Combinatorial Auction Mechanism for Transportation Business Assignment Scheme Li Liying 2013, 32(2): 267-273.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   An iterative descending combinatorial auction mechanism is proposed on the base of endogenous bidding，whosee objective is to efficiently solve the truckload transportation business assignment problem of the 4PL company. By taking the dual of Winner Determination Problem ( WDP) ，a restricted dual planning is structured; whose optimal solution provides a set of approximate single-lane prices. Bidders ( 3PL companies) can use this price information to determine new profitable packages before the next round under a myopic best response bidding strategy. Numerical experiment shows that the efficiency of assignments produced by using single-lane prices with endogenous bidding is greater than that of assignments produced in the exogenous bidding mechanism when bidding is restricted to a fixed set of packages determined before the start of the auction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Container Transportation in Yangtze River Delta:Waterway-Road Transport Versus Road Transport Lu Wei，Yan Xiaowen，Lu Chunxia 2013, 32(2): 274-0279.  DOI: 10． 3969 /j． issn． 1674-0696． 2013． 02． 22 Abstract ( )   Taking the container transportation from Suzhou to Yangshan port as an example，the advantages and disadvantages between waterway-road transport and road transport are analyzed by calculating transportation costs，carbon dioxide emissions and traffic flow． It is shown that the waterway-road transport from Suzhou to Yangshan Port has no obvious costs advantage，but it plays a significant role in environmental protection and improving traffic conditions; water-to-water transfer in Yangtze River Delta has great significance． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Container Transportation in Yangtze River Delta: Waterway-Road Transport Versus Road Transport Lu Wei，Yan Xiaowen，Lu Chunxia 2013, 32(2): 274-279.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.22 Abstract ( )   PDF (395KB) ( )   Taking the container transportation from Suzhou to Yangshan port as an example，the advantages and disadvantages between waterway-road transport and road transport are analyzed by calculating transportation costs，carbon dioxide emissions and traffic flow． It is shown that the waterway-road transport from Suzhou to Yangshan Port has no obvious costs advantage， but it plays a significant role in environmental protection and improving traffic conditions; water-to-water transfer in Yangtze River Delta has great significance． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrogressive Erosion Regulation of Landslide Dam Wu Qiushi，Huang Er，Luo Lihuan 2013, 32(2): 280-0284.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.23 Abstract ( )   For further comprehension of the retrogressive erosion regulation in the landslide dam-leakage-period，an indoor flume experiment was formulated based on the Tangjiashan barrier lake. Combing with the test results，the longitudinal profile simulation was carried out. The conclusion was drawn that the initial scour morphology was in good compliance with the actual situations. The comparison analysis on the inflow and dam gradation influencing the scour velocity and accumulative erosion was also carried out. The conclusion was drawn that: retrogressive erosion velocity and accumulative erosion were positively correlated with the inflow，negatively correlated with the coarse content in dam; scour velocity decreased with time; the process of breach-forming was affected by inflow and dam gradation; the final accumulative erosions in various conditions differed a bit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrogressive Erosion Regulation of Landslide Dam Wu Qiushi，Huang Er，Luo Lihuan 2013, 32(2): 280-284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.23 Abstract ( )   PDF (583KB) ( )   For further comprehension of the retrogressive erosion regulation in the landslide dam-leakage-period，an indoor flume experiment was formulated based on the Tangjiashan barrier lake. Combing with the test results，the longitudinal profile simulation was carried out. The conclusion was drawn that the initial scour morphology was in good compliance with the actual situations. The comparison analysis on the inflow and dam gradation influencing the scour velocity and accumulative erosion was also carried out. The conclusion was drawn that: retrogressive erosion velocity and accumulative erosion were positively correlated with the inflow，negatively correlated with the coarse content in dam; scour velocity decreased with time; the process of breach-forming was affected by inflow and dam gradation; the final accumulative erosions in various conditions differed a bit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3-D Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Response of Jinfo Mountain Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam Diao Zhiming，Ma Wei，Liu Liangjun，Wang Junjie 2013, 32(2): 285-0289.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.24 Abstract ( )   Based on the equivalent linear model，3-D nonlinear dynamic finite element method is used in seismic dynamic response analysis of Jinfo Mountain CFRD ( Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam) . The response of acceleration，dynamic stress，the regular pattern and distribution of permanent deformation under seismic loads are studied. The results show that the downstream slope near the crest has larger acceleration response，it should be taken appropriate anti-seismic engineering measures; the reaction of dynamic stress and dynamic shear stress for dam body is very little; and the permanent deformation for dam body is not large. The overall anti-seismic performance of the dam is good enough to meet the anti-seismic stability requirements under the given earthquake. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3-D Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Response of Jinfo Mountain Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam Diao Zhiming，Ma Wei，Liu Liangjun，Wang Junjie 2013, 32(2): 285-289.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.24 Abstract ( )   PDF (582KB) ( )   Based on the equivalent linear model，3-D nonlinear dynamic finite element method is used in seismic dynamic response analysis of Jinfo Mountain CFRD ( Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam) . The response of acceleration，dynamic stress，the regular pattern and distribution of permanent deformation under seismic loads are studied. The results show that the downstream slope near the crest has larger acceleration response，it should be taken appropriate anti-seismic engineering measures; the reaction of dynamic stress and dynamic shear stress for dam body is very little; and the permanent deformation for dam body is not large. The overall anti-seismic performance of the dam is good enough to meet the anti-seismic stability requirements under the given earthquake. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Coupling between Generalized Set Pair Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Rockfall Zone Risk Assessment Gao Maiyan，Tang Hongmei，Zeng Yunsong，Lv Tao 2013, 32(2): 290-0296.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.25 Abstract ( )   The rockfall zoning and its risk is effectively predicted，which provides some important reference guide for the planning of reasonable land resources and implementation of disaster prevention and reduction. Seven factors are selected as risk assessment indexes in collapse zoning: slope shape，slope angel，slope height，rock properties of underlying surface，rockfall quality，rockfall shape，lithologic condition of rockfall. Through index quantification，the coupling between generalized set pair analysis and analytic hierarchy is adopted to determine the assessment index weight of hazard risk in collapse zone. Through the identity，difference，and opposition degree of association，the probability assessment model of rockfall stopped in each bearing disaster zone is constructed. And according to the expectant probability for the stop position of rockfall，rockfall risks are divided into five grades: extremely high risk，high risk，medium risk，low risk and extremely low risk. Based on the field experiment of rockfall，it is verified the rationality of the assessment method about the coupling between generalized set pair analysis and analytic hierarchy process of risk in rockfall zone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Coupling between Generalized Set Pair Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Rockfall Zone Risk Assessment Gao Maiyan，Tang Hongmei，Zeng Yunsong，Lv Tao 2013, 32(2): 290-296.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.25 Abstract ( )   PDF (669KB) ( )   The rockfall zoning and its risk is effectively predicted，which provides some important reference guide for the planning of reasonable land resources and implementation of disaster prevention and reduction. Seven factors are selected as risk assessment indexes in collapse zoning: slope shape，slope angel，slope height，rock properties of underlying surface，rockfall quality，rockfall shape，lithologic condition of rockfall. Through index quantification，the coupling between generalized set pair analysis and analytic hierarchy is adopted to determine the assessment index weight of hazard risk in collapse zone. Through the identity，difference，and opposition degree of association，the probability assessment model of rockfall stopped in each bearing disaster zone is constructed. And according to the expectant probability for the stop position of rockfall，rockfall risks are divided into five grades: extremely high risk，high risk，medium risk，low risk and extremely low risk. Based on the field experiment of rockfall，it is verified the rationality of the assessment method about the coupling between generalized set pair analysis and analytic hierarchy process of risk in rockfall zone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up Study on Failure Mechanism and Stability of Shaiwangba Landslide in Wanzhou Lv Guojun，Xiao Shengxie，Tao Qingdong，Yang Jie 2013, 32(2): 297-0301.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.26 Abstract ( )   In the light of the inconformity between the geological exploration and long-term monitoring sliding trend of the Shaiwangba in Wanzhou，the sliding failure mechanism was tracked． The tracking conclusions were verified by object diction．The influences of the water level variation between 135m and 175m and the heavy precipitation for 24 hours on the stability of the dam were studied． This study revealed the real geological structure and rectified the problems in geological exploration through physical mechanics detection． The results showed that the whole landslide was stable and the partial slipped slowly and proposed spud for anti-slip，fissure closure and surface drainage． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up Study on Failure Mechanism and Stability of Shaiwangba Landslide in Wanzhou Lv Guojun，Xiao Shengxie，Tao Qingdong，Yang Jie 2013, 32(2): 297-301.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.26 Abstract ( )   PDF (712KB) ( )   In the light of the inconformity between the geological exploration and long-term monitoring sliding trend of the Shaiwangba in Wanzhou，the sliding failure mechanism was tracked． The tracking conclusions were verified by object diction．The influences of the water level variation between 135m and 175m and the heavy precipitation for 24 hours on the stability of the dam were studied． This study revealed the real geological structure and rectified the problems in geological exploration through physical mechanics detection． The results showed that the whole landslide was stable and the partial slipped slowly and proposed spud for anti-slip，fissure closure and surface drainage． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Waterway Regulation of Guomuzi Beach in Baitao Section of Wujiang River Zhang Aiwen，Zhang Shuaishuai，Wu Wenjun，He Yang 2013, 32(2): 302-0305.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.27 Abstract ( )   Guomuzi beach is classified to open river beach between the ravines，which preserves the following impeding navigation features: shallow，anxious bent and danger． The renovation scheme adopts both dredging and building dam． And then five kinds of regulation schemes are selected to carry out physical model test． According to the test results，the recommended scheme is the fifth renovation plan，after the comparison among the split ratio，velocity，and flow state，etc． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Waterway Regulation of Guomuzi Beach in Baitao Section of Wujiang River Zhang Aiwen，Zhang Shuaishuai，Wu Wenjun，He Yang 2013, 32(2): 302-305.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.27 Abstract ( )   PDF (577KB) ( )   Guomuzi beach is classified to open river beach between the ravines，which preserves the following impeding navigation features: shallow，anxious bent and danger． The renovation scheme adopts both dredging and building dam． And then five kinds of regulation schemes are selected to carry out physical model test． According to the test results，the recommended scheme is the fifth renovation plan，after the comparison among the split ratio，velocity，and flow state，etc． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversion Channel Navigation Condition in Construction Phase Ⅱof Xiaonanhai Water Control Project on Yangtze River Li Xia，Zhang Xujin，Du Zongwei，Li Ping 2013, 32(2): 306-0309.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.28 Abstract ( )   According to river regime and flow condition characteristics of Xiaonanhai Water Control Project reach，diversion channel navigation condition and existing problems in construction phase Ⅱ are studied by hydraulic model and ship-model test． Generally，navigation flow condition is bad because of the rocks at the import and export section of diversion channel in original diversion channel design，and has been significantly improved in optimization scheme by regulation the import and export section of diversion channel and excavation new channel． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversion Channel Navigation Condition in Construction Phase Ⅱof Xiaonanhai Water Control Project on Yangtze River Li Xia，Zhang Xujin，Du Zongwei，Li Ping 2013, 32(2): 306-309.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.28 Abstract ( )   PDF (690KB) ( )   According to river regime and flow condition characteristics of Xiaonanhai Water Control Project reach，diversion channel navigation condition and existing problems in construction phase Ⅱ are studied by hydraulic model and ship-model test． Generally，navigation flow condition is bad because of the rocks at the import and export section of diversion channel in original diversion channel design，and has been significantly improved in optimization scheme by regulation the import and export section of diversion channel and excavation new channel． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flow Pattern Optimization Experiment of Bending Section of Tianbai Hydroelectric Station Spillway Xie Long，Yang Shengfa，Fu XuHui，Wang Mingtian，Tian Yun 2013, 32(2): 310-0312.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.29 Abstract ( )   In order to ameliorate the flow pattern of bending section of Tianbai hydroelectric station spillway in Kai County，to make the distribution of water flow be even and to improve the running stability，the optimization design of the curved bottom elevation of ultra high is put forward，according to the actual operation and conclusions got by some previous experience with similar projects． It can be concluded by the physical test that the optimization design can do well in abating the rapids shock，improving the bending period of flow regime，and improving the capacity of the downstream energy dissipation by adopting these engineering measures． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flow Pattern Optimization Experiment of Bending Section of Tianbai Hydroelectric Station Spillway Xie Long，Yang Shengfa，Fu XuHui，Wang Mingtian，Tian Yun 2013, 32(2): 310-312.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.29 Abstract ( )   PDF (412KB) ( )   In order to ameliorate the flow pattern of bending section of Tianbai hydroelectric station spillway in Kai County，to make the distribution of water flow be even and to improve the running stability，the optimization design of the curved bottom elevation of ultra high is put forward，according to the actual operation and conclusions got by some previous experience with similar projects． It can be concluded by the physical test that the optimization design can do well in abating the rapids shock，improving the bending period of flow regime，and improving the capacity of the downstream energy dissipation by adopting these engineering measures． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling of Container Truck-and-Trailer Transport between Two Ports Hu Zhihua 2013, 32(2): 313-0317.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.30 Abstract ( )   Mutual transport among container ports cooperatively enhances the reorganization and re-optimization of operational resources among neighboring ports. In order to enhance the validity of mutual transport by container truck-and-trailer transport，and to satisfy the time constraints，a two-stage approach is proposed for scheduling container trucks for mutual transport.First，a time relationship matrix is built among mutual transport tasks; second，a mixed integer linear programming model is built for container trucks. Numeric samples are employed to show the validity of the approach，and demonstrate the sequences of the tasks for trucks. Moreover，the influences of distribution of mutual transport tasks to operations scheduling within ports are analyzed. The result provides a reference approach for scheduling truck-and-trailer container trucks for biport mutual transport. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling of Container Truck-and-Trailer Transport between Two Ports Hu Zhihua 2013, 32(2): 313-317.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.30 Abstract ( )   PDF (492KB) ( )   Mutual transport among container ports cooperatively enhances the reorganization and re-optimization of operational resources among neighboring ports. In order to enhance the validity of mutual transport by container truck-and-trailer transport，and to satisfy the time constraints，a two-stage approach is proposed for scheduling container trucks for mutual transport.First，a time relationship matrix is built among mutual transport tasks; second，a mixed integer linear programming model is built for container trucks. Numeric samples are employed to show the validity of the approach，and demonstrate the sequences of the tasks for trucks. Moreover，the influences of distribution of mutual transport tasks to operations scheduling within ports are analyzed. The result provides a reference approach for scheduling truck-and-trailer container trucks for biport mutual transport. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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United Scheduling Model Optimization of Yard Truck，Quay Crane and Yard Crane Xu Yuanqin，Han Xiaolong 2013, 32(2): 318-0320.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013．02．31 Abstract ( )   The united scheduling of yard truck，quay crane and yard crane were analyzed． With the consideration of weight parameters among the yard truck’s transportation time，quay crane and yard crane’s waiting time，a united scheduling model was formulated，whose objective was to minimize the time of yard truck transportation and waiting time for quay crane and yard crane． The model was useful for the loading and unloading operation decision of scheduling in container terminals． Computational experiments were conducted to verify the validity and practicality of the model． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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United Scheduling Model Optimization of Yard Truck，Quay Crane and Yard Crane Xu Yuanqin，Han Xiaolong 2013, 32(2): 318-320.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.31 Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   The united scheduling of yard truck，quay crane and yard crane were analyzed． With the consideration of weight parameters among the yard truck’s transportation time，quay crane and yard crane’s waiting time，a united scheduling model was formulated，whose objective was to minimize the time of yard truck transportation and waiting time for quay crane and yard crane． The model was useful for the loading and unloading operation decision of scheduling in container terminals． Computational experiments were conducted to verify the validity and practicality of the model． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Cost Control Based on Grey Correlation Analysis Wei Daosheng，Li Shuyan 2013, 32(2): 321-0324.  DOI: 10.3969 /j. issn.1674-0696. 2013.02.32 Abstract ( )   6 factors such as land costs，the costs of drawings’design and management，the budgetary price of construction drawings，limiting time for a project，the costs of project change，the market price of labor material and machinery which affect the construction costs control are taken into consideration． According to grey correlation analysis theory，the grey relational grade of each factor and construction costs are calculated，and then the order of grey correlation degree of construction costs of all factors are also obtained． The research shows that the budgetary price of construction drawings is the greatest influential factor for construction costs． So managers should pay attention to the strategies and skills when they draw up the budgetary price of construction drawings，and then scientifically and reasonably control the factor，thus the“San Chao”phenomenon can be avoided，which means a relatively small input gains relatively more benefits． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Cost Control Based on Grey Correlation Analysis Wei Daosheng，Li Shuyan 2013, 32(2): 321-324.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.32 Abstract ( )   PDF (412KB) ( )   6 factors such as land costs，the costs of drawings’design and management，the budgetary price of construction drawings，limiting time for a project，the costs of project change，the market price of labor material and machinery which affect the construction costs control are taken into consideration． According to grey correlation analysis theory，the grey relational grade of each factor and construction costs are calculated，and then the order of grey correlation degree of construction costs of all factors are also obtained． The research shows that the budgetary price of construction drawings is the greatest influential factor for construction costs． So managers should pay attention to the strategies and skills when they draw up the budgetary price of construction drawings，and then scientifically and reasonably control the factor，thus the“San Chao”phenomenon can be avoided，which means a relatively small input gains relatively more benefits． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and Simulation of Automotive Electronic Power Steering Based on PID Control Tang Ziqi，Tang Lan 2013, 32(2): 325-0328.  DOI: 10.3969 /j. issn.1674-0696.2013. 02.33 Abstract ( )   Based on the analysis on the mathematical model of electric power steering system，the Matalb /Simulink-based electric power steering system simulation model was established． Curvilinear assistance curve was used to emulate and PID control strategy was adopted for the closed-loop tracking control of the objective current in the motor． The analysis results confirmed that: the proposed PID control strategy is of good boost． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and Simulation of Automotive Electronic Power Steering Based on PID Control Tang Ziqi，Tang Lan 2013, 32(2): 325-328.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.33 Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   Based on the analysis on the mathematical model of electric power steering system，the Matalb /Simulink-based electric power steering system simulation model was established． Curvilinear assistance curve was used to emulate and PID control strategy was adopted for the closed-loop tracking control of the objective current in the motor． The analysis results confirmed that: the proposed PID control strategy is of good boost． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Research on PHEV Based on Fuzzy Logic Control Strategies Li Jun，Zou Faming，Tu Xiong，Liu Biao，Wang Wenbin 2013, 32(2): 329-0334.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.34 Abstract ( )   In view of PHEV，a fuzzy logic control strategy for power distribution was designed，based on the electrical auxiliary control strategy． Its model was embedded in the simulation software ADVISOR，which was simulated in the condition of CYC_EUDC cycling road condition． The simulation results show that: compared with electric auxiliary control strategy，the designed control strategy based on fuzzy logic has a better economy，emission performance，robustness，and makes the engine work as near as possible to the optimizing working curve，as well as ensures that the SOC of the battery is changing in a small range． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Research on PHEV Based on Fuzzy Logic Control Strategies Li Jun，Zou Faming，Tu Xiong，Liu Biao，Wang Wenbin 2013, 32(2): 329-334.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.34 Abstract ( )   PDF (918KB) ( )   In view of PHEV，a fuzzy logic control strategy for power distribution was designed，based on the electrical auxiliary control strategy． Its model was embedded in the simulation software ADVISOR，which was simulated in the condition of CYC_EUDC cycling road condition． The simulation results show that: compared with electric auxiliary control strategy，the designed control strategy based on fuzzy logic has a better economy，emission performance，robustness，and makes the engine work as near as possible to the optimizing working curve，as well as ensures that the SOC of the battery is changing in a small range． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tires Wear Degree Influence on Vehicle Braking Efficiency Li Jian，Wei Lang，Zhang Wei，Chen Tao 2013, 32(2): 335-0338.  DOI: 10. 3969 /j. issn. 1674-0696. 2013. 02. 35 Abstract ( )   Theoretical analysis and actual test are conducted with new and old tires，and the curves of initial speed-braking distance and initial speed-mean braking deceleration are established respectively，with the polynomial fitting of test data.From the comparison between two kinds of tires’test data，the conclusion is drawn that the new tire’s braking efficiency is better than the old one obviously，and the degree of wear has a great influence on braking efficiency，which would affect the driving safety of vehicle furthermore. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tires Wear Degree Influence on Vehicle Braking Efficiency Li Jian，Wei Lang，Zhang Wei，Chen Tao 2013, 32(2): 335-338.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.35 Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   Theoretical analysis and actual test are conducted with new and old tires，and the curves of initial speed-braking distance and initial speed-mean braking deceleration are established respectively，with the polynomial fitting of test data.From the comparison between two kinds of tires’test data，the conclusion is drawn that the new tire’s braking efficiency is better than the old one obviously，and the degree of wear has a great influence on braking efficiency，which would affect the driving safety of vehicle furthermore. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Load Response Analysis on Five Axle Semi-Trailer Running on the Curved Slope Road at High Speed Cao Zhipo，Cao Yuanwen，Liu Zhimin 2013, 32(2): 339-0343.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.36 Abstract ( )   A certain kind of five axle semi-trailer ( 1 + 5 + 5) vehicle model and different slope，different turning radius road files was built using ADAMS /CAR. Simulation analysis on the procedure of vehicle running on the curved surface slope road was carried out，and the reason for the variation of dynamic load was also explained. Statistics analysis on dynamic load engendered by vehicle running on different curved surface slope roads was carried out，and the variation regulation of dynamic loading changing with slope and turning radius was found out. The proposed analysis results provide reference that the change of the dynamic load should be considered in the pavement and vehicle design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Load Response Analysis on Five Axle Semi-Trailer Running on the Curved Slope Road at High Speed Cao Zhipo，Cao Yuanwen，Liu Zhimin 2013, 32(2): 339-343.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.36 Abstract ( )   PDF (717KB) ( )   A certain kind of five axle semi-trailer ( 1 + 5 + 5) vehicle model and different slope，different turning radius road files was built using ADAMS /CAR. Simulation analysis on the procedure of vehicle running on the curved surface slope road was carried out，and the reason for the variation of dynamic load was also explained. Statistics analysis on dynamic load engendered by vehicle running on different curved surface slope roads was carried out，and the variation regulation of dynamic loading changing with slope and turning radius was found out. The proposed analysis results provide reference that the change of the dynamic load should be considered in the pavement and vehicle design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulation of Several Different Mufflers Based on ANSYS Tang Gongming，Liu Hongguang，Lu Senlin，ShenYugui 2013, 32(2): 344-0346.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.37 Abstract ( )   A combined muffler consists of collateral pipe and expansion-chamber muffler is designed. The modal and acoustic analysis are carried out by making use of the module of dynamics and acoustics in ANSYS，and then the natural frequency and the insert loss curve are obtained. The natural frequency and the insert loss curve of the collateral pipe muffler and the expansion-chamber muffler are also obtained in the same way. The result of numerical simulation shows that the combined muffler does well in the engine fundamental exhaust noise as well as its low frequency harmonic wave. What’s more，comparing with the single part of collateral pipe muffler and the expansion-chamber muffler，the noise elimination effect of combined muffler improves a lot，which achieves the design requirements. The result of numerical simulation is available to predict the muffler property and then judge whether the structure designs meet the demand or not. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulation of Several Different Mufflers Based on ANSYS Tang Gongming，Liu Hongguang，Lu Senlin，ShenYugui 2013, 32(2): 344-346.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.37 Abstract ( )   PDF (614KB) ( )   A combined muffler consists of collateral pipe and expansion-chamber muffler is designed. The modal and acoustic analysis are carried out by making use of the module of dynamics and acoustics in ANSYS，and then the natural frequency and the insert loss curve are obtained. The natural frequency and the insert loss curve of the collateral pipe muffler and the expansion-chamber muffler are also obtained in the same way. The result of numerical simulation shows that the combined muffler does well in the engine fundamental exhaust noise as well as its low frequency harmonic wave. What’s more，comparing with the single part of collateral pipe muffler and the expansion-chamber muffler，the noise elimination effect of combined muffler improves a lot，which achieves the design requirements. The result of numerical simulation is available to predict the muffler property and then judge whether the structure designs meet the demand or not. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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NVH Performance Measurement and Analysis on Low-Speed Electric Vehicle Xu Xing，Zuo Yanqun 2013, 32(2): 347-0350.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.38 Abstract ( )   Good NVH performance should be guaranteed in vehicle’s development process. In order to solve the noise problem of certain vehicle prototype，the interior noise level，the vibration and acoustic characteristics of the motor，as well as reducer and differential was detected and analyzed. The main noise source in the car was identified by the use of the order tracking analysis technique. Basing on these results，the noise-reducing measurement was given accordingly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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NVH Performance Measurement and Analysis on Low-Speed Electric Vehicle Xu Xing，Zuo Yanqun 2013, 32(2): 347-350.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.38 Abstract ( )   PDF (628KB) ( )   Good NVH performance should be guaranteed in vehicle’s development process. In order to solve the noise problem of certain vehicle prototype，the interior noise level，the vibration and acoustic characteristics of the motor，as well as reducer and differential was detected and analyzed. The main noise source in the car was identified by the use of the order tracking analysis technique. Basing on these results，the noise-reducing measurement was given accordingly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Children Ride Comfort Based on Human-Vehicle-Road Coupled System of Vibration Qian Kai，Hu Qiguo，Li Like 2013, 32(2): 351-0359.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.39 Abstract ( )   Based on Lagrangian principle a 12-DOF a dynamic model of human-vehicle-road coupled system was built. On Matlab /Simulink platform，the vehicle speed，the road roughness，the hysteresis of vehicle’s front and rear wheel，the characteristics of coherence of left and right wheel were built. The random road incentive model were constructed. The effect of a vehicle which is on different road and at different speed，on the children’s head and hip were analyzed using the time and frequency domain. Results indicate that improving road level and speed can make the children have a good riding comfort，and children are very sensitive to the low frequency of 5-10Hz and the medium frequency of 15，23Hz. And appropriately reducing seat’s stiffness，improving the damping and putting the seat on the right position can improve children’s ridingcomfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Children Ride Comfort Based on Human-Vehicle-Road Coupled System of Vibration Qian Kai，Hu Qiguo，Li Like 2013, 32(2): 351-359.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.39 Abstract ( )   PDF (1183KB) ( )   Based on Lagrangian principle a 12-DOF a dynamic model of human-vehicle-road coupled system was built. On Matlab /Simulink platform，the vehicle speed，the road roughness，the hysteresis of vehicle’s front and rear wheel，the characteristics of coherence of left and right wheel were built. The random road incentive model were constructed. The effect of a vehicle which is on different road and at different speed，on the children’s head and hip were analyzed using the time and frequency domain. Results indicate that improving road level and speed can make the children have a good riding comfort，and children are very sensitive to the low frequency of 5-10Hz and the medium frequency of 15，23Hz. And appropriately reducing seat’s stiffness，improving the damping and putting the seat on the right position can improve children’s ridingcomfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion Rate of the Welding Seam of 2205 Stainless Steel in the Acidic Environment Wang Zhixiang，Zhang Yao，Zhang Jixiang 2013, 32(2): 360-0364.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.39 Abstract ( )   The corrosion rates of the base metal zone，fusion zone and the heat affected zone of 2205DSS welded structures in various acid solutions are studied. It is found that the 2205DSS welded structure shows better corrosion resistance in oxalic acid and boiling nitric acid solution. However，the structure shows poor corrosion resistance in the hydrochloric acid solution obviously and the fastest rate of corrosion is the fusion zone，and the corrosion rate of base metal is followed. In the hydrochloric acid solution，the corrosion rate is accelerated as the temperature rises; the corrosion rate increases with the increase of hydrochloric acid solution concentration firstly and then decrease; the corrosion rate is reduced with the conduct of the etching time. The mathematical model of relationship among corrosion rate，temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution，concentration and etching time is established，which can quickly calculate the corrosion rate of the welded structures in the hydrochloric acid solution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion Rate of the Welding Seam of 2205 Stainless Steel in the Acidic Environment Wang Zhixiang，Zhang Yao，Zhang Jixiang 2013, 32(2): 360-364.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.39 Abstract ( )   PDF (500KB) ( )   The corrosion rates of the base metal zone，fusion zone and the heat affected zone of 2205DSS welded structures in various acid solutions are studied. It is found that the 2205DSS welded structure shows better corrosion resistance in oxalic acid and boiling nitric acid solution. However，the structure shows poor corrosion resistance in the hydrochloric acid solution obviously and the fastest rate of corrosion is the fusion zone，and the corrosion rate of base metal is followed. In the hydrochloric acid solution，the corrosion rate is accelerated as the temperature rises; the corrosion rate increases with the increase of hydrochloric acid solution concentration firstly and then decrease; the corrosion rate is reduced with the conduct of the etching time. The mathematical model of relationship among corrosion rate，temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution，concentration and etching time is established，which can quickly calculate the corrosion rate of the welded structures in the hydrochloric acid solution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Moving Objects Detection Algorithm in Video Sequence with Improved GMM Wei Jianmeng，Chen Song，Pang Shouyan 2013, 32(2): 365-0368.  DOI: 10.3969 /j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.41 Abstract ( )   An algorithm for moving objects detection in video sequence based on Gaussian mixture model and three-frame infferencing is put forward to improve the deficiency of foreground detection based on Gaussian mixture model. Firstly，the oreground and background based on Gaussian mixture model is obtained. Then another foreground got by using the current frame minus the background is also obtained. Finally，the precious outline through three-frame differencing and edge detection can be obtained; meanwhile，a foreground is got by filling this outline. The final result is got by computing the foregrounds got from the above three steps. In addition，a new update strategy is used to model the background faster，the updating speed of model parameters is adjusted according to the stability of each pixel in frames to reduce the computational complexityand to improve the speed of the algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Moving Objects Detection Algorithm in Video Sequence with Improved GMM Wei Jianmeng，Chen Song，Pang Shouyan 2013, 32(2): 365-368.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2013.02.41 Abstract ( )   PDF (553KB) ( )   An algorithm for moving objects detection in video sequence based on Gaussian mixture model and three-frame infferencing is put forward to improve the deficiency of foreground detection based on Gaussian mixture model. Firstly，the oreground and background based on Gaussian mixture model is obtained. Then another foreground got by using the current frame minus the background is also obtained. Finally，the precious outline through three-frame differencing and edge detection can be obtained; meanwhile，a foreground is got by filling this outline. The final result is got by computing the foregrounds got from the above three steps. In addition，a new update strategy is used to model the background faster，the updating speed of model parameters is adjusted according to the stability of each pixel in frames to reduce the computational complexityand to improve the speed of the algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics