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Impact of Socioeconomic and Land Use on Car Ownership: A Comparison of Riyadh,Saudi Arabia and Melbourne,Australia M. Alqhatania,S. Bajwab,S. Setungec 2012, 31(增1): 539-545.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (1691KB) ( )   Car ownership depends on the land use patterns in a city． Land use characteristics such as employment，housing， leisure，education and shopping opportunities in each zone affect the choice of destination and mode in the short and medium term． Socioeconomic factors including age，gender，income，and family size also affect the choice of mode and destination in the short and medium term，while the choice of housing location is affected in the long term． This research models car ownership by the estimating multinomial logit model，and Riyadh，Saudi Arabia and Melbourne，Australia are the two cities used as case studies． Aggregate level land use data as well as disaggregate level individual，household and journey-to-work data are used to determine the effects of land use and socioeconomic factors on household decisions to own zero，one，two or more cars． The model results determine that urban sprawl is the main factor that affects household decisions to own more than two cars in Riyadh and one car in Melbourne． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Environment of Convenience，Diversity，Security and Satisfaction for School Trip: A Case of Chinese Culture University Li Chianung，Hsieh Yikai 2012, 31(增1): 546-549.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )   Through literature review the mode choice，behavior survey，road usage，whether the violations have occurred in the accident status questionnaire topics were designed to explore the learning environment of convenience，diversification， security and satisfaction，the application of statistical methods and cross-analysis by taking Chinese Culture University as the object． The relationship between student behavior and school environment was studied，aiming to provide schools and the government some references to improve the environment． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Capacity-Constrained Traffic Assignment Based on Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Feng Wei，Cheng Lin 2012, 31(增1): 550-554.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   The traffic assignment problem ( TAP) is traditionally defined without side constraints． In fact，link and network have their intrinsic capacity． The traditional user equilibrium model allows more traffic flow than capacity，which is clearly unreasonable． Firstly，the origin-based algorithm including its theory and efficient implementation was introduced． And the traffic assignment was made with a network example． Then the augmented Lagrange multiplier method was used to made traffic assignment of the network with the link capacity constraints． The results of the two methods were compared with each other． The augmented Lagrange multiplier method has good convergence performance and efficiency． The comparison results show that the latter has more practical significant，which can be better applied in actual traffic assignment problem． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation System Design and Application of Traffic Capacity of Urban Main Roadways Network Based on ArcGIS Engine Li Biao，Wu Liangang 2012, 31(增1): 555-559.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1189KB) ( )   First，the design ideas and goals of urban transport capacity of network simulation system were put forward based on ArcGIS Engine，and the development platform and overall structure of the system were analuzed; Then，according to the analysis of functional requirements and data requirements of the system，the database model design and function design of the system were carried out by the use of ArcGIS，and each function module of the system was briefly introduced． Finally， the simulation of road network capacity was displayed by taking one road network of Chongqing urban area as an example． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Simulation of Vehicle License Plate Location Based on Vehicles Shadow Feature Sha Yaoyao 2012, 31(增1): 560-563.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (1675KB) ( )   A new method based on the grads feature of the shadow which showed the candidate vehicle regions and then excluded error license plate area by license plate prior knowledge was proposed． According to the type and proportion of our license plate features it will get a smaller initial partition plate area． Then Soble operator was used for edge detection． Finally it will fast get accurate positioning by mathematical morphology． The results show that the method provides a robust approach， which can effectively detect the front vehicles in complex traffic circumstances in real time． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Urban Rail Transit Operation Safety Management Xu Yongneng，Chen Chenghui，Liu Shufang 2012, 31(增1): 564-567.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (1092KB) ( )   The construction and operation of urban rail transit in China have huge market prospects and operating safety pressure， which require the further study and practice of operation safety system． The safety planning framework on transit operation during the different courses of management process was established based on SOON system． According to the requirements of safety management process，the management measures based on Porter’s value chain model were optimized; the management mode of the key equipment maintenance based on TPM＆RCM was optimized; the safety guarantee technology based on PIT-STOP mode was applied in Nanjing subway． The discussion of these measures provided theoretical basis for operation safety optimization． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Study on Parking Occupancy Guo Sizhen，Yang Yuanxiang 2012, 31(增1): 568-570.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   The existing parking condition in Guanyinqiao CBD in Chongqing was investigated． The occupancies of off-street parking lots in different time period were collected within the study area，and modeled using generalized linear regression models to study the effects of the location，capacity，parking fee，type of access and nearby on-street parking． It shows that on-street parking affects off-street parking occupancy． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Taiwan TOD Living Environments Characteristics: A Study of SUPER HOPSCA in New Banqiao Special District Li Chianung，Lin Chiang，Cheng Wucheng 2012, 31(增1): 571-575.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1221KB) ( )   The living environment of New Banqiao Station Special District-SUPER HOPSCA in New Taipei city includes high-density transportation systems，parks，super domes，hotels，shopping malls，skywalks． TOD living environments characteristics include high-density living environments，high land-mix use environments，human design walking environments， quality transportation environments and facilities ability environments． It is found that housing prices and MRT ridership volumes increased year by year． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Review and Traffic Analysis of Shanghai Road for Ten Years Cai Yifeng，Xia Zhenxiang 2012, 31(增1): 576-578.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (2085KB) ( )   The decade since 2000 was the time which Shanghai road transport made leaps and bounds． Road infrastructure achieved the change from a single ground-based system into a combination with elevated road system in the air，road engineering underground and ground road network． Road construction has been changed from the“debt-type”building which was to repay the debt in the history to the“optimized”construction which was to optimal adjustment path of functional structure． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on Park and Ride Scheme in Mountain Group City Luo Qiong 2012, 31(增1): 583-585.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (1511KB) ( )   As the city traffic system’s important component，park and ride (P+R) has been adopted by many developed countries，and plays a positive role． While for the region with new built P + R facilities，it is necessary to carry on the detailed analysis so as to achieve the purpose of building facilities P + R． The Guanyinqiao area of Chongqing，which will build three P + R facilities，was taken as the research object to establish evaluation set by the important evaluation indexes，which are a reasonable location and adequate demand． The accuracy location of the three P + R facilities was evaluated by the present situation investigation of Guanyinqiao． Then，the P + R facilities’demand was predicted by the Logit model． Finally， the function of the facility scale to alleviate central area traffic was evaluated． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transportation Planning for Guanyinqiao Business Center in Chongqing Qi Jing，Guo Sizhen，Zhang Yihua 2012, 31(增1): 586-588.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (2100KB) ( )   The existing transportation conditions，as well as the transportation challenges，were introduced． Then the integrated solutions including roadway system，public transit，walking system，and parking system were presented with the reference to foreign advanced experience of transport planning． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interaction Review of City Transportation and Land Use Han Ling，Yao Hongyun 2012, 31(增1): 589-593.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (1736KB) ( )   Factors which affect land use and traffic is summarized from the aspects of land use and transportation coordination model，evaluation and practice in this paper and the relationship between land-use and traffic is analyzed systematically． This research laid the foundation for finding the transport mode which is suitable for land use and the land-use mode which is suitable for traffic，which is importantly significant to solve city traffic problems，realize the land intensive utilization and sustainable development of the city． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study and Application of Rapid Transit System Wang Chenyun，Cong Cong，Chen Chenghui 2012, 31(增1): 594-598.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (1595KB) ( )   In the context of the rapid development of new rapid transit system，a discussion on the pros and cons of different rapid transit systems was made based on a comparative study in terms of capacity，operational speed and configurations． Suggestions were also given on the application of rapid transit systems in small and medium-sized cities in China． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Planning of Underground Roadway Network in Jiangbeicheng CBD Zhang Yihua，Wang Chenyun，Cong Cong 2012, 31(增1): 599-602.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (1640KB) ( )   Jiangbeicheng，covering an area of two square kilometers，is the future CBD for Chongqing city． The proposed high-density development in CBD will generate high traffic flows． Traffic study shows that the already-built surface roadway network and the planned rail transit line 6 and line 9 cannot meet the traffic demand when the area is fully developed． As a supplementation，an underground roadway network was planned to help alleviate the traffic congestion． The planning work of the underground roadway and the traffic analysis results were introduced． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design Practice of a Landscape Road: Ring-Road Design of Guangyang Island Tang Li 2012, 31(增1): 603-606.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (2444KB) ( )   The ring-road of Guangyang Island is planned to be a secondary access road with beautiful landscape． It’s a part of the ring-park around the island． The foreign quiet design was introduced and the ecological engineering methods were practiced，in order to create a harmonious world of human and nature． With the efforts of landscape engineers，civil engineers， traffic engineers，drainage engineer，and construction engineers，the beautiful ring-road will be a park of a road， which is quiet and ecologic References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Transportation Integration Planning and Design in Dianzixiao Interchange Modification Zheng Zuoxiong，Zhang Yihua，Li Jiashun，Li Chunqiang 2012, 31(增1): 607-609.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (1521KB) ( )   This paper introduces the integration of transportation planning into roadway design process，then uses the modification of the Dianzixiao Interchange as an example to illustrate this integration． Firstly，the existing condition of the interchange is analyzed， then with qualitative analysis of the interchange within the road network and quantitative traffic analysis，considering the topology and surrounding land use，conceptual interchange schemes are compared and the better scheme is recommended． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Public Transport Safety Situation and Its Countermeasures in China Guo Jing，Ai Mingyu 2012, 31(增1): 610-611.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (1817KB) ( )   Urban public transportion servres for developing urban economy and provides conrenience for the public to travel． With the rapid development of social economy，urban public transportation security also faces a new set of problems． The current city public traffic safety conditions in our country were introduced in detail from the aspects of the traffic jams，traffic facilities and demand，the emergency response mechanism，overload，vehicle reliability and safety，driver quality，and the state laws and regulations． The corresponding improvement countermeasures were put forward． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Threshold of Waiting-Time for Pedestrian Crossing Based on Psychological Time Li Mingming 2012, 31(增1): 612-614.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1559KB) ( )   First，psychological-space time transformation model was researched by psychology experiment． Then，the waiting time threshold model of pedestrians across the street was built through the type analysis method． At last，the threshold of waiting-time was calculated by taking Chongqing as an example． The research is useful for the design of pedestrian crossing facilities． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Design of Bicycle Traffic System for Mountainous City Yang Yuanxiang，Cheng Hua 2012, 31(增1): 615-619.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (1854KB) ( )   Based on the characteristics of mountainous city，the function orientation and development strategy for the bicycle traffic system were put forward at the macro level． At the micro level，the design of the road cross section including bicycle lane should be based on the different road conditions． Besides，the key design technologies，including bicycle linear design， intersection bicycle passageway design，joint design，pavement design，traffic engineering design，bicycle rent and bicycle parking design，were introduced in detail． Finally，the results were applied to the first bicycle system in Chongqing urban area． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Development of Bike Green Traffic in Mountainous City Xu Huifen，Xu Jiantao 2012, 31(增1): 620-623.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (1766KB) ( )   Bicycle traffic as urban green traffic is very meaningful． Taking Ran-Jiaba for example，the regional characteristics and traffic in Chongqing were analyzed，the function orientation and development area of bicycle were discussed． The analysis results of Ranjiaba district are useful for advocating and promoting the green bicycle traffic in mountainous-city． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bicycle Transport System in Chongqing City Fu Yan，Cheng Tan，Zhou Tao 2012, 31(增1): 624-626.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.22 Abstract ( )   PDF (1783KB) ( )   With the consideration of the bicycle transport characteristics and trip characteristics in Chongqing City，the position of bicycle transport in Chongqing，and the unique characteristics of the bicycle development model in Chongqing were proposed． This concept was used in the planning and construction in Northern New District of Chongqing，and achieved good social and environmental benefits． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Urban Rail Traffic Network in Xi’an Based on Urban Spatial Layout Planning Feng Hongxia，Zhang Jian，Cai Yingjie 2012, 31(增1): 627-632.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.23 Abstract ( )   PDF (1858KB) ( )   A study on the functions，such as large producing area，living area，recreational facilities，public service facilities， educational facilities，traffic facilities and others which influence urban spatial structure was conducted． The rail traffic network which was suitable for the Xi’an urban spatial layout was put forward and expected to provide a basis for the Xi’an rail traffic network planning． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Vehicle Maintenance Information System of Urban Rail Transit Mao Jianeng，Xu Yongneng 2012, 31(增1): 633-637.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.24 Abstract ( )   PDF (1711KB) ( )   To improve the urban rail transit vehicle attendance rate and reliability，on the basis of advanced concepts of reliability centered maintenance and state maintenance，the urban rail transit vehicle maintenance requirements and the existed information system were analyzed． A maintenance policy supporting regular maintenance and state maintenance was proposed． Based on Open System Architecture for Condition-Based Maintenance，the framework and main modules of urban rail transit vehicle maintenance information system were constructed． Finally，the deployments of the system were discussed． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Urban Rail Transit Passenger Satisfaction Evaluation Model Jiao Lili，Xu Yongneng，Yu Shijun 2012, 31(增1): 638-640.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.25 Abstract ( )   PDF (1996KB) ( )   The service quality is the key to urban rail transit operation and sustainable development． Passenger satisfaction evaluation is an important method to evaluate the quality of urban rail transport passenger service． ACSI ( American Customer Satisfaction Index Model) was taken as a reference to establish an indicator system for passenger satisfaction in China． The index system was established from several aspects，including the service quality，the service facility，the safety and the service environment． Moreover，the model was estimated by partial least square method． By analyzing the investigation result of subway service in one city，the overall satisfaction of urban rail transit passenger service was concluded，and the influence of every index was analyzed． In the end，the practicality of the model was verified by example． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite Element Analysis on Gongmao Building Extension Impact to No． 3 Rail Transit Line Guo Yanhua，Li Yue 2012, 31(增1): 641-645.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.26 Abstract ( )   PDF (2233KB) ( )   Gongmao Metro Station of Chongqing No． 3 rail transit line is located at the side of Gongmao Building and right through the Building annex． The No． 3 pedestrian gateway of the station is close to the new annex construction． In order to ensure the security of the station and related structures during the construction of the annex，a finite element simulation of the annex construction process was conducted in this study． The impact of the deformation of the station and related structures from annex construction was estimated． The results showed that the impact of current annex construction plan to the station structure is significant． It is recommended that the distance between the construction project and transit line should be increased so that the normal operation of the transit line is uninterrupted． This conclusion provides the guidance for the successful execution of the extension project of Gongmao Building． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Analysis for Influence of Bolt System in Subway Tunnel on Ground Settlement Liu Jie，Liao Hongjian，Gu Fei，Li Hangzhou 2012, 31(增1): 646-649.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.27 Abstract ( )   PDF (2415KB) ( )   Considering the physical and mechanical parameters of loess and the sequence of the excavation，the longitudinal and latitudinal layouts of bolts were numerical analyzed with the Duncan—Chang constitutive model． Based on Xi’an Metro line 2 tunnel’s actual design information and the data of the underground exploration，the ground settlement and bolt force characteristics were analyzed with a finite element software MIDAS when bolt’s length and spacing were different． Moreover， the longitudinal interval and latitudinal intensive location of bolts were discussed． The numerical results show that the ground settlement becomes smaller with the increase of the bolt length． However，the ground settlement will trend to a constant when the bolt reaches a certain value; the ground settlement becomes bigger when the longitudinal interval of bolt is uneven; In addition，it is useful for ground settlement when bolts are put intensively on tunnel waist． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geotechnical Design of Retaining Structures for a Berth Facility in Port of Los Angeles Yan Liping，Ross Khiabani 2012, 31(增1): 650-654.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.28 Abstract ( )   PDF (1816KB) ( )   This paper presents results of a geotechnical investigation for two proposed retaining structures at a berth facility in the Port of Los Angeles，California，U． S． A． These retaining structures are needed for excavation of the existing dike slope to accommodate two Islander Barges． Based on the data obtained from a field exploration and laboratory testing program，the project site is underlain by sands and silty sands interbedded with silts and clay layers． The site is liquefiable under both the Operating Level Earthquake ( OLE) event ( a Magnitude 5． 5 event with a peak acceleration of 0． 28g) and the Contingency Level Earthquakes ( CLE) event ( a Magnitude 6． 5 event with a peak acceleration of 0． 52g) ． The retaining structures were proposed to consist of steel sheet piles with a combination of AZ-king piles and AZ-intermediary piles． Using the lateral pressure diagrams under both the static and OLE conditions，limit equilibrium analyses were performed to provide recommendations on the pile lengths and section sizes． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Four-Chamber Closed Diaphragm Wall Dai Guoliang，Liu Liji，Gong Weiming，Zhou Xiangqin 2012, 31(增1): 655-660.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.29 Abstract ( )   PDF (2406KB) ( )   The bearing characteristic of the closed diaphragm wall under horizontal load is complicated，because there is an interaction among soil core，walls and external soil． The model tests of three groups of four-chamber walls with different sizes were carried out． Based on the results on internal forces and displacement of the walls，the bearing characteristic of closed diaphragm wall foundation was investigated． For different sectional size and depth of closed diaphragm wall，the distribution of bending moment，shear force，rotation，soil resistance and friction resistance are in similar shape under various lateral loads． The bearing capacity of the wall increases with the increase of the wall sectional size and the depth． Closed diaphragm wall fails as rigid failure mode． The outer soil resistance of the front wall increases linearly with the horizontal load，which makes the most contribution to the soil resistance． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermal Difference Effect Analysis of Steel Truss Cable-Stayed Bridge Xiang Zhongfu，Jiang Yu 2012, 31(增1): 661-664.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.30 Abstract ( )   PDF (1727KB) ( )   Based on the engineering of Jiangjin Fenfangwan Bridge，the thermal difference effect between orthotropic slab and steel truss of steel truss cable-stayed bridge was researched． By reference of thermal difference effect standards in many countries，the analysis method of thermal difference effect was proposed． By comparing stress and deformation of combining site of orthotropic slab and the steel truss at different temperatures，the influence of thermal difference effect on structure was studied and the solutions were put forward． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Friction Effect on Deformation before Rotation of Horizontal Swing Continuous Beam Bridge Wu Haijun，Liu Jian，Zhang Lei，Wang Zhen 2012, 31(增1): 665-667.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.31 Abstract ( )   PDF (2058KB) ( )   Combined with finite element analysis software，the frictional coefficient between the casting beam and the holder of bottom shuttering were analyzed; the deflection change of every element in the girder was calculated when the pre-stressed reinforced steel stretched to the biggest cantilever state． The results indicate that the friction effect has noticeable impact on the monitor checking of the inverted camber of beam body． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial Effect Analysis of Broad Box Girder under Transverse Prestressing Forces Gao Piqin ，Wang Xiaosong 2012, 31(增1): 668-671.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.32 Abstract ( )   PDF (2070KB) ( )   Considering the spatial effect of broad box girder subjected to engineering loads，a fine FEM model was established， which was used to study the mechanical distribution of broad box girder under transverse prestressing forces． This study was carried out on the basis of the mechanical distribution of broad box girder subjected to dead load． Finally，some valuable suggestions were proposed． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seismic Analysis of Bridge on Sloping Rock Field Li Sidong，Zhao Zhihui 2012, 31(增1): 672-675.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.33 Abstract ( )   PDF (1954KB) ( )   The local site of a long-span bridge was simulated and the seismic response of the local site was analyzed，thus the ground motion parameters of each pier were obtained． By using these parameters，the bridge multiple-incentive seismic analysis was carried out． Then the result was compared with the seismic response of the consistent input． Bridge seismic responses in the both cases were quite different． Some suggestions of the bridge seismic analysis were put forward． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Demolition Method on Stents Stress in Horizontal Swing Continuous Beam Bridge Wang Zhen，Wu Haijun，Zhang Lei，Liu Jian 2012, 31(增1): 676-680.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.34 Abstract ( )   PDF (1982KB) ( )   The finite element model combined with practical engineering was built to analyze the influence of different demolition methods to force variations． The maximum load in stent demolition was compared with load before demolition． The results showed that the maximum load of demolition method was 234% of load before demolition，which meant the inappropriate demolition method can cause stent instability failure． Influence of demolition method cannot be ignored in the tent force analysis． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bridge Scheme Design of Nanning Xiangsi Lake Water System Ma Ting，Liu Anshuang 2012, 31(增1): 681-684.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.35 Abstract ( )   PDF (2097KB) ( )   To create a so-called“Water City”，ten landscape bridges which distribute along the 3． 6 km long Liantong River are to be built． To satisfy the aesthetic requirements of making these ten bridges an integral landscape，the bridge scheme design has been organized in three stages． The first step is to develop overall bridge design principles to adapt the area’s landscape planning． Then the bridge type study is to be performed for each bridge with its individual characteristic to ensure the“one landscape each bridge”principle． In the last step the local human spirits and cultural characteristics are to be incorporated in the detailed design process． Finally an aesthetic and economical design scheme is proposed for this group of bridges． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Planning and Design Discussion on Bridge Landscape of Regional River Qiao Yunqiang，Liu Guoxiang，Ma Ting，Liu Anshuang 2012, 31(增1): 685-689.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.36 Abstract ( )   PDF (2016KB) ( )   The regional river bridge landscape cases at home and abroad were introduced． By taking bridge landscape design as an example，the factors should be considered for the bridge landscape planning were analyzed; the planning principle and design thought were discussed; and some guidance conclusions were summarized． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Yunzhong River Landscape Bridges in Xinzhou City Lai Yaping，Deng Yu，An Jinxing，Xiao Minyi 2012, 31(增1): 690-695.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.37 Abstract ( )   PDF (2229KB) ( )   Based on the design of the landscape bridge over the Yunzhong River，Xinzhou，Shanxi Province，a description of the design concept of the three landscape bridges in this project was made based on the natural environment and cultural background of Xinzhou city． Then a discussion was made on the selection of bridge configuration with consideration of the following aspects: the expression of architectural design elements，the effect of nightscape lighting，and the idea of improving both the adaptability and facility in use． In the end，the technical criteria，general layout and structure design of the three bridges were also introduced． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Load Capacity and Strengthening Methods for Deteriorating Trussed Combination Arch Bridges Yao Guowen，，Chen Yong 2012, 31(增1): 696-699.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.38 Abstract ( )   PDF (2074KB) ( )   The disease inspection and condition assessment were performed． The static and dynamic loading tests show that the carrying-capacity decreases with enlarged dynamic response under living loads． Some of them are assessed in dangerous condition． They need to be retrofitted and strengthened in structures or degraded in load capacity． Then some retrofitting and strengthening methods were summarized． And some design and construction improvements were discussed to develop this type of bridge． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Typical Diseases and Maintenance Strategies for Steel Girder of Large-Span Suspension Bridge Zeng Yong ，，Xiang Zhongfu ，，Yu Fu，Jiang Xueliang ，Shen Xinhui ，Li Xianyang 2012, 31(增1): 700-703.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.39 Abstract ( )   PDF (2244KB) ( )   The fatigue detection and crack repair of steel box girder were described． The detection cycle of main components of steel box girder was analyzed． The key parts of steel deck which were easy to have fatigue damage were analyzed． According to the measurements and its urgency，the judgment items which have 5 levels were put forward in order to evaluate fatigue． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design Strategy of Arch Bridge Construction on Risk Xie Feng，Wei Hongyi 2012, 31(增1): 704-709.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.40 Abstract ( )   PDF (2108KB) ( )   The strategy of the risk design about the construction-oriented arch bridge was put forward． The necessity of the strategy of the risk design was verified． The process of the risk design the about the construction-oriented arch bridge was proposed． According to the risk process，the related theory and application were studied and discussed systematically References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bridge and Culture Zhang Xiaokui，Zhang Xiao 2012, 31(增1): 710-713.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.41 Abstract ( )   PDF (2017KB) ( )   The relationship between the bridge and culture was expounded． The bridge is a very key part of traffic． The bridge sustained development closely connects with culture． Throughout history，the bridges which can be the world spread and praise must have profound cultural background． Some typical bridges with the culture heritage at home and abroad were introduced． The cultural essences of the Hunan bridge were also elaborated． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Status of Lightweight Aggregate Asphalt Concrete Jiang Chenlong，Qian Zhendong，Jia Yanqing 2012, 31(增1): 714-718.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.42 Abstract ( )   PDF (1992KB) ( )   Asphalt mixture incorporating lightweight aggregate is a low density and high modulus paving mixture，of which rutting resistance，moisture susceptibility and skid resistance were better． However it wasn＇t attached importance to on pavement engineering． The research on the lightweight aggregate asphalt mixture at home and abroad was presented，and the specifications of lightweight aggregate for structure concrete and asphalt concrete pavement were also done． This paper can present some useful reference to paving engineering and researchers． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Coarse Aggregate Properties on Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt A. Hussain，Qiu Yanjun，Ai Changfa 2012, 31(增1): 719-723.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.43 Abstract ( )   PDF (2104KB) ( )   Stone Matrix Asphalt ( SMA) is regularly and successfully used for surface courses in many countries． In this study SMA was designed using local aggregates for Na-Qian highway． Two coarse aggregates limestone and basalt were used in different blending ratio for comparative analysis in laboratory． Laboratory testing of the SMA surface mixtures was performed to determine volumetric and mixture specific characteristics． Testing included Marshall stability，dynamic stability，low temperature bending，texture depth，and friction coefficient． The results and analysis determined that SMA is a good surface meeting the project demands． It was concluded from this study that different aggregate blending can significantly alter the SMA mixture properties． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Properties of Asphalt Mixtures A. Hussain，Qiu. Yanjun 2012, 31(增1): 724-728.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.44 Abstract ( )   PDF (2063KB) ( )   An experimental study was presented to eveluate the effect of the types and percentages of RAP on the Marshall performance index of asphalt mixtures． Adopting two different virgin aggregates ( Limestone and Quartzite) and two different RAP sources ( Nowshera and Mandra) ，preparing the Hot Mixture Asphalt Marshall specimens respectively，testing the different RAP ratio ( 0% ～ 100%) and different types of asphalt mixture of air voids，asphalt saturation，voids of mineral aggregate， Marshall stability，flow value，density and other index． The results show that mixtures containing RAP showed high stability and the stability increased with the increase in RAP content． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of New High Flowing Concrete Mortar Material Bao Lixin，Wang Feiyu，Tan Xiaoxu 2012, 31(增1): 729-732.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.45 Abstract ( )   PDF (2036KB) ( )   The powder compositions of new high flowing concrete mortar and the compounding method of slurry were introduced． The properties of mortar under different proportion conditions were analyzed to get the compounding method of best mortar． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Methods and Evaluation Indexes about Hierarchical Structure of Concrete Road Yue Aijun，，Liang Junlin，Li Xinrong 2012, 31(增1): 733-738.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674－0696.2012.supp.1.46 Abstract ( )   PDF (2046KB) ( )   The methods and evaluation indexes about outer segregation and inner segregation of concrete road by mechanism inquiring，experiment analyzing and refining test data on the number of entities project were studied，then the control technology for construction variability of pavement concrete was proposed． It suggested that the indexes for variability of density and water absorption can be used to evaluate the hierarchical structure which included outer segregation and inner segregation． The results provided basis for planning construction technology of pavement concrete in which the forming of inner segregation and outer segregation must be controlled． References | Related Articles | Metrics