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20 June 2017, Volume 36 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Nonlinear Analysis on PC Box Girder with Externally Prestressing Reinforcement SONG Wali, SONG Wenbin 2017, 36(6): 1-10.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (2744KB) ( )   The bridges in service have some diseases with different degrees, which will cause some damages on the bridge structure, so they are strengthened in order to guarantee the safety. It is very effective to apply the externally prestressing reinforcement technology in improving the engineering performance of reinforced concrete bridges. Firstly, the bending analysis and nonlinear simulation of PC box girder with externally prestressing reinforcement were carried out; secondly, the lane load factor β was introduced and its value was checked, which proved that the externally prestressing reinforcement met the load design requirements. Then, a PC box girder with externally prestressing reinforcement was designed and calculated. The working state of bridge under nonlinear condition was obtained through the contrast of bridge reinforcement effect. The calculation results show that the bearing capacity, deflection and crack reinforcement of the bridge are obviously improved by the measure of external prestressing reinforcement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deformation Prediction of Synchronous Welding of Steel Box Girder Double Sides Based on Inherent Strain Method ZHANG Jixiang1，2，PENG Zhangjie1，LIU Ziyang1，ZHONG Li1， 2，ZHOU Wei1 2017, 36(6): 11-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (2439KB) ( )   Based on the inherent strain method and the synchronous welding finite element model of T-typed joint double sides，the welding deformation of the steel box girder was predicted and analyzed.Results show that：the inherent strain method can reach the calculation precision of the traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method.The calculation results of the solid element can almost be achieved by using the shell element meshing.Using inherent strain method and the shell element model，deformation prediction and analysis on synchronous welding of steel box girder double sides is made：the roof welding deformation is larger，and the deformation of the base plate is mainly concentrated in the middle part of the plate edge.Finally，on the basis of the research results，some suggestions on specific measures for synchronous welding of steel box girder double sides are given，and the specific measures include fixture，the number of floors and the position of weld seams. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Advanced Geological Prediction in Dynamic Classification Prediction for Tunnel Surrounding Rock RONG Yao1，SUN Bin2，SUN Yang1 2017, 36(6): 18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1735KB) ( )   The classification of tunnel surrounding rock has a direct impact on the determination of excavation method and the kind of the supporting structure as well as the tunnel’s construction safety and many other aspects.How to accurately predict the surrounding rock’s classification is still an emphasis and difficulty in current tunnel engineering.Taking Changqiao tunnel as an example，three advanced geological prediction methods were applied successively，that is TGP detection，SIR-20 geological radar detection and geological logging method.Therefore，a dynamic prediction of surrounding rock’s classification was carried out from far to near，meanwhile from coarse to fine.Actual excavation results show that the proposed dynamic prediction method has high accuracy，which provides an effective guidance for the safety of tunnel construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency Rescue Performance of Energy-Storage and Reflective Sidewall-Materials in Highway Tunnel HE Shiyong1，CHEN Wei2，LIANG Bo3，ZHANG Yi1 2017, 36(6): 24-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (3411KB) ( )   According to the research status of the application of the energy-storage and reflective materials and the characteristics of accidents in highway tunnels，the importance of the energy-storage and reflective materials used in highway tunnel side wall for improving the visual environment of emergency rescue was analyzed.Aiming at the energy-storage and self-luminous characteristics of energy-storage and reflective materials，the tests of afterglow luminance and afterglow spectrums of the energy-storage and reflective materials with two different composition ratios were carried out.The characteristic parameters of the above two kinds of materials，such as the material ratio coefficient，the brightness and duration of afterglow，and the power distribution of afterglow spectral were analyzed and calculated.The results show that the self-luminous brightness of energy-storage and reflective sidewall-material in 1 hour is much higher than the limit the human can recognize.The energy-storage and reflective sidewall-material with 0.3 luminous powder ratio has the best afterglow performance，and the initial brightness and the afterglow duration are significantly improved by this ratio.Silicate light-storage and reflective materials have a higher S/P value of afterglow spectral than the aluminate light-storage and reflective materials do，while the aluminate light-storage and reflective materials have better performance in afterglow brightness.Reasonable selection of the relative parameters of energy-storage and reflective sidewall-materials is helpful to improve the emergency rescue function of highway tunnel emergency accidents and disasters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Dynamic Response of Composite Pavement with Anti-cracking Interlayer Subjected to Moving Constant Load HUANG Jinlong，CAI Yelan 2017, 36(6): 30-37.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (2058KB) ( )   The anti-reflection-crack technology of graded gravel has a good effect on preventing the reflection crack of “white to black” pavement.The micro-bonded graded gravel was applied in the structure of “white to black” pavement.In order to study the dynamic response of composite pavement with anti-cracking interlayer under the moving constant load，a three-dimensional finite element model of asphalt overlay with anti-cracking interlayer was developed by ABAQUS.And the visco-elastic artificial boundaries were adopted in the model.The analysis results indicate that：the dynamic response of asphalt overlay can be significantly reduced by setting the micro-bonded graded gravel interlayer.According to the change rules of the maximum principal stress and the maximum shear stress at the joint bottom of asphalt layer，the asphalt overlay thickness of the interlayer is suggested to be 15cm.It can be more effective in anti-cracking，if the interlayer is set on the bottom layer with a better stiffness.The dynamic response of the asphalt overlay can be influenced by the modulus of the interlayer，to some extent.The minimum shear stress of the surface can be reached under the best modulus which is about 584 MPa.The thickness of the interlayer has little influence on the bottom layer shear stress of asphalt pavement，and the thickness of the interlayer is suggested to be 15 cm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mixture Proportion Design of High-Performance RAP Materials SONG Jinhua，JI Yuping，LIU Zhilei，ZHANG Xuesong，NI Dongxu 2017, 36(6): 38-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (1595KB) ( )   Firstly，the physical and mechanical properties of gradation RAP material were compared and analyzed in the vibration compaction and heavy hammer compaction tests; and the method of vibration compaction was ensured to be more representative for the actual compaction effect.Secondly，the particle interference theory was used to optimize the coarse aggregate gradation and the maximum density curve theory I method was used to optimize the fine aggregate gradation.Thirdly，the gradations with excellent physical and mechanical properties were proposed preliminarily by changing the ratio of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate and optimizing the gradation with double optimization index，that is the maximum dry density and strength.On the above basis，the regularity for the influence of the sieve pore passing rate on the mechanical properties of gradation RAP material was further researched.Fourthly，according to the principle of the optimal mechanical properties，the skeleton dense gradation of gradation RAP material was put forward on the base of the vibration molding.Finally，taking the split strength as index，the imitated steel fiber (PPTF) with the length of 2.5 cm and the content of 1 ‰ was proposed to be the reinforcement fiber of high-performance RAP material. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rheological Property and Comparison of High-Temperature Performance of Hard-Grade Asphalt before and after Aging WANG Wei1，2，MA Dechong1，2，FAN Changxin1，2，YIN Chuanfeng1 2017, 36(6): 48-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   For the study of dynamic mechanical rheological property and the comparison of high-temperature performance of hard-grade asphalt before and after aging，DSR was employed to analyze the rheological property，and the rutting experiment was carried out to compare the high-temperature performance between hard-grade asphalt and 4% anti-cracking agent modified asphalt.Experimental results show that：GTS，which is obtained by the regression of G*，confirms that the temperature sensitivity of hard-grade asphalt before and after aging is lower than that of base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt.In the experimental temperature range，the variation trends of hard asphalt viscoelasticity before and after aging are similar; the increase of temperature can lower the elasticity of asphalt and strengthen viscous behavior.However，the aging process increases the temperature in which viscous behavior begins to occupy the dominant position，which means that the aging enhances the elastic-viscosity transition temperature of hard asphalt.The comparison result of the rutting factor and the degree of dynamic stability is that：the hard-grade asphalt after aging is superior to the hard-grade asphalt，and the hard-grade asphalt is superior to the anti-cracking agent modified asphalt.As a conclusion，the hard-grade asphalt has excellent ability to resist high temperature deformation，which can be used as raw material or modifying agent for the asphalt pavement in the south high temperature areas and the research and development of the anti-rutting agents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative Analysis of Ash’s Filling and Modification in TLA Based on Adhesion Theory KONG Lingyun1，DAI Li1，MO Shixiu2，LUO Yadan1 2017, 36(6): 53-57.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (1034KB) ( )   In order to study the modification mechanism and effect of the ash in the TLA，the influencing factors such as surface and interface parameters of asphalt and aggregate，adhesion work of asphalt mortar system and high temperature rutting factor were analyzed.And the following results were obtained：the surface area of powder ratio and the particle size was inclined to negative correlation; the powder surface energy parameters and the adhesion work of powder asphalt mortar were decreased with the decrease of powder particle size; under the same conditions of ratio of filler to bitumen，the adhesion work of powder in asphalt mortar system was correlative with the surface area.On the basis of the above results，a conclusion is drawn：the specific adhesion work to evaluate the asphalt mortar system is more scientific than the adhesion work; the effect of ash in TLA on the asphalt modification is relatively complex.The ascertained modification mechanism is mainly achieved by the larger specific surface area and the higher adhesion work; meanwhile，the modification of this part is accounted to 15% of ash modification on asphalt，other 85% modification mechanism still needs in-depth study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation Method and Its Application of Counterforted Rock-Fall Barrier of Dangerous Rock Zone CHEN Hongkai，QIN Xin，TANG Hongmei 2017, 36(6): 58-63.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (1249KB) ( )   The disaster prevention of dangerous rock in mountainous road is an important problem to ensure the road construction and traffic safety in mountainous areas.Rock-fall barrier is a flexible protection system used in the treatmemnt of dangerous rock zone in mountainous roads in recent years，but there is the lack of a complete calculation method of control engineering.The calculation model of counterforted rock-fall barrier was generalized as the dangerous rock instability only caused pulling force of four anchors in a mesh.Based on the eccentric tension model and system equivalent macro mechanism，the calculation method of the counterforted rock-fall barrier was derived and the tension calculation formula of the counterforted rock-fall barrier anchor was also obtained in the proposed model.The engineering practicability of the proposed calculation method was verified by the case study of crag W26 of Shouli Mountain in Wanzhou，Chongqing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Rheological Behavior of Sandstone-Mudstone Mixture YANG Yang1，2，WANG Junjie1，2，ZHANG Juntang1，2，LIU Yunfei1，2 2017, 36(6): 64-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (1638KB) ( )   A self-developed drying-wetting cycle compression test system was used to investigate the long term settlement after construction of high embankment of sandstone-mudstone mixture.Compression rheological tests of sandstone-mudstone particle mixture samples with four mixture ratio were carried out，which considered the wetting effect.The influence of axial pressure and sandstone-mudstone mixture ratio on the rheological test was discussed.The corresponding particle breaking rate of the samples after tests was calculated，and the relationships among the particle breakage rate，the axial pressure and final rheological deformation were analyzed.From the test results，it can be seen that the final rheological strain，the particle breakage rate and the axial pressure have a good linear relationship，and the relationship between the rheological strain and time can be approximately expressed by power function.Lithology composition of the sandstone-mudstone mixture has a great influence on rheological deformation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DEM Analysis on Impact of Gradation and Compactness on Coarse-Grained Soil in Tri-axial Test ZHU Jungao 1，2，GUO Wanli1，2，XU Jiacheng3，CHU Fuyong4 2017, 36(6): 70-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (1193KB) ( )   The coarse-grained soil with four kinds of gradations generated different tri-axial samples.The tri-axial shear simulation and analysis was carried out on the above samples respectively in the same relative density and porosity.At the same time，a method to get the simulation of porosity through the conversion of the actual soil relative density Dr was proposed.The results show that：the maximum and minimum porosity of the simulated soil are respectively solved by the PFC3D loose filling method and vibration table method.And a method to get the simulation of porosity through the conversion of the actual soil relative density Dr is feasible.The relative density Dr is an important factor influencing the mechanical properties of the coarse-grained soil，and it is positively correlated with the shear peak strength (σ1-σ3) and the internal friction angle φ of soil.For samples with different gradations，when they are in the same initial porosity，the relative density will differ; so the tri-axial shear properties and the internal friction angle will show significant differences; on the opposite，when they are in the same relative density，the tri-axial shear properties have little difference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Research of Information Model Technology in Retaining Wall Design WANG Haijun，HUAN Guosheng，SHEN Guohua，ZUO Weilong，LIN Jiangfeng 2017, 36(6): 75-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (9860KB) ( )   Three-dimensional information model technology was used to carry out 3D design of hydraulic retaining wall.Aiming at current problems in traditional two-dimensional design of retaining wall，such as poor information exchange in the professional design，poor coordination，poor integrity，poor data transmission ability and information sharing difficulties in the construction process，the secondary development of the following aspects was carried out，including modeling，calculation，reinforcement and marking.The secondary development improves the design efficiency and quality，which also widens the application of 3D design in water conservancy projects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact Factors Analysis of Geological Hazard Risk Based on Grey Correlation Method YANG Le1，CHEN Jie2 2017, 36(6): 80-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   Taking a tourist resort in Wansheng District of Chongqing as an example，the grey correlation analysis method was used to discuss the role of the impact factors of such geological hazards and the relationship between them，and to explain the evaluation methods and models systematically.The tourist resort was divided into 8 assessment zones.6 indices were selected as impact factors，such as slope，stratum lithology，geological structure，human activity，groundwater and vegetation; and then the weight of the above impact factors was calculated and analyzed.The results show that the order of the degree of impact factors is quantified，and the order is human activity，slope，vegetation，stratum lithology，groundwater and geological structure.Human activity has the strongest correlation with other factors，while stratum lithology has the weakest correlation with other factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Layout of Terminal Cities in Road Express Freight System LIN Guolong，LIU Yuejing，DING Yi 2017, 36(6): 85-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (1306KB) ( )   The study on the layout of terminal cities in road express freight system was carried out.Firstly，systematic cluster method was adopted to divide the candidate cities into several groups，according to the analysis on the influence index of the layout of terminal cities.Secondly，classification results were further ranked by the rank-sum ratio (RSR) method，according to the suitability for the establishment of the road express freight terminal in candidate cities.Thirdly，the cities with high level of suitability were chosen as the terminal cities on the basis of the principle of reasonable space arrangement.Finally，the proposed method was verified by a case study of the terminal cities layout in road express freight system of Heilongjiang province. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-criterion Decision-Making Support Model of Urban Rail Transit Network Based on Cosine Function LUAN Xin，DENG Wei，CHENG Lin 2017, 36(6): 92-98.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (1611KB) ( )   Through establishing the optimal decision scheme of multi-index evaluation system of Urban Rail Transit(URT) network，and considering the multi-index combinational weights in virtue of AHP and grey relational analysis methods，the cosine multi-criterion decision-making support model for URT network optimization was proposed.Furthermore，the objectivity，impartiality and validity of the proposed model was discussed and verified by a specific case study in Suzhou.The research indicates that the analysis results of the proposed model are scientific，rational and persuasive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety Evaluation of Special Line for Guo-Bai Railway Based on BP Neural Network SHI Hongguo，ZHANG Peng，LEI Yanhong 2017, 36(6): 99-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (941KB) ( )   There is a great potential safety hazard in the special line of Guo-Bai Railway，due to its backward basic equipments and natural serious disaster.Therefore，it is very significant to carry out the safety evaluation on it.Because BP neural network had strong adaptability to the nonlinear and complexity of the safety evaluation of the special line of Guo-Bai Railway，the safety evaluation model of the special line of Guo-Bai Railway was established based on BP neural network.The improved BP neural network algorithm was adopted in the proposed model.Compared with the conventional algorithm，the improved BP neural network algorithm had the advantages of fast convergence，high calculation accuracy and high prediction accuracy.According to the special characteristics of the special line of Guo-Bai Railway，a set of safety evaluation index system easy to assign value and fit the actuality was set up，which increased the reliability of the model.The safety evaluation model of the special line of Guo-Bai Railway based on BP neural network and its prediction results provide reference and basis for the scientific management of the special line of Guo-Bai Railway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Implementation of a New Method of Visualization of Oil Spill at Sea Surface ZOU Changjun，YIN Yong，LIU Xiuwen，LI Haijiang 2017, 36(6): 103-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (10875KB) ( )   A new visualization method of oil spill at sea surface was researched after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the present methods in oil spill visualization.Texture projection was proposed to implement the dynamic visualization of oil spill at sea surface.Besides that，Gauss smooth filter was used to make the edge smoother in the transition of the texture edge caused by texture projection，and a good dynamic visualization was achieved.The proposed method has been applied in “3D Oil Spill Emergency Response System” successfully，which proves that the proposed method is effective and reliable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristic Analysis on Meteorological Elements of Ji-Feng-Cha Highway ZHENG Fuwei1，XIAO Jian2，QING Xiangtao1，XIE Yufeng3，ZHANG Dandan1 2017, 36(6): 109-114.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (1985KB) ( )   Small climate on freeway has a certain relationship with the number of traffic accidents on it.By use of the measured data of 4 automatic weather stations of Jishou-Fenghuang，Jishou-Chadong freeway (referred to as Ji-Feng-Cha freeway) in 18 months，the weather information observed by highway policemen from April 2012 to June 2015，and the annual fog days data of Jishou，Huayuan，Fenghuang county (city) from1960 to 2012，the relationship between Ji-Feng-Cha freeway small climate and traffic accidents was analyzed by mathematical statistics and Morlet wavelet method.The results show that the main meteorological factors affecting highway safety are fog and freezing.Foggy weather has low visibility，which is easy to cause vehicle rear-end collision and other collisions.The road is wet and slippery in freezing weather，which is easy to cause traffic accidents，such as rollover，drifting and rear-end collision.The variation rule of the foggy days of zones where Ji-Feng-Cha freeway locates is：Huayuan has a quasi-32-year high cycle and a quasi-3-year small cycle; Jishou has a quasi-2-year small cycle or a quasi-4-year small cycle; and Fenghuang has a quasi-4-year small cycle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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One-Dimensional Simulation of Pressure Drop of the Dry and Wet Composite Air Filter WANG Renren1，LIU Qin2，ZHANG Qingcai2 2017, 36(6): 115-120.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   The filter was simplified into a series of pipes with different diameters，and a model of a new type of dry and wet composite air filter in series connection was established.The non-circular cross section of pipeline was simplified into a circular cross section of pipeline，and the equivalent diameter of the non-circular cross section of pipe was used to replace the diameter of the circular pipe.Furthermore，the steel wire mesh and filter core in the air filter were also simplified into porous media.The total pressure drop of the pipeline system was the sum of the pressure loss along the flow paths and the local pressure loss.The proposed model was expressed as a function of the frictional resistance coefficient λ，local resistance coefficient ζ，penetration rate K，fluid density ρ，fluid velocity v and so on.The results show that most of the pressure drop of dry and wet composite air filter is concentrated in the coarse filter and fine filter，and most of it is concentrated in the steel wire mesh of the coarse filter.And the calculated results are compared with the experimental and simulation results，which verify the rationality of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Temperature Prediction of Friction Interface of Wet Brake Based on Extrapolation JIA Ce，LU Shiqiu，LUO Tianhong 2017, 36(6): 121-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.06.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   Combined with the initial conditions and boundary conditions during braking，the temperature prediction method of friction interface which used heat transfer theory and extrapolation by measuring the internal temperature field of dual steel disc was proposed，to solve the problem that the temperature of wet brake friction interface is difficult to measure directly.Temperature field of dual steel disc was obtained by ABAQUS simulation software.A node in the friction interface and its corresponding time-temperature curve of middle nodes in internal friction disc were intercepted，and MATLAB software was used to reversely deduce the time-temperature curve of the predicted interface.The simulation results show that the time-temperature curve predicted by the proposed method and the measured time-temperature curve are in good agreement in the trend of change. References | Related Articles | Metrics