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27 October 2017, Volume 36 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Seismic Analysis on Typical Long Bridges with Restrainer Piers WANG Xu1，2，WEI Yanjian1，SUN Dezhang3，LIU Lang1，LIU Huailin2 2017, 36(10): 1-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (1070KB) ( )   There are many beam bridges in China.However，this kind of bridges often has the phenomenon of unseating of bridge girders in recent earthquakes.Therefore，the effective control of beam is a key problem of anti-seismic bridge design.According to the seismic damages at home and abroad，restrainer pier is an effective measure to solve the above problem.Taking typical long bridges with restrainer piers as the research object，the dynamic response of the bridge was analyzed by means of finite element analysis，taking the below factors into consideration，such as main beam ponding，different joint number and different joint length.The results show that girder pounding has a great impact on dynamic response of bridge structure.Therefore，the design without considering the girder ponding may result in structure insecurity.The increase of joint number and length also increases the maximum relative displacement of pier and girder.But the maximum relative displacement remains almost unchanged when the joint number increases above six joints，for the restrainer pier reaches the limit state of displacement restrain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bottom Plate Temperature Gradients of Concrete Box-Girder Based on the Measured Data NIE Liying，LIU Mingpo，ZHU Qian，LI Jie 2017, 36(10): 8-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1283KB) ( )   Temperature effect is an important factor that affects the stress and deformation of concrete box-girder bridges.In order to explore the impact of the bottom plate temperature gradients on the structure，the differences of the bottom plate temperature gradients in vertical temperature gradients of concrete box-girders in both domestic and foreign bridge design codes were contrasted.Based on the measured temperature data of the auxiliary bridge of Sutong Bridge in nearly one year，the measured vertical positive and negative temperature gradients of concrete box-girder were obtained with the least square method.The temperature effect of the measured vertical temperature gradients with and without considering bottom plate temperature gradients was analyzed based on the finite element model of Sutong Bridge.The results show that：without considering bottom plate temperature gradients，vertical positive temperature gradients tend to be safe for the analysis results of temperature stress; but without considering bottom plate temperature gradients，vertical negative temperature gradients tend to be unsafe and the increment of tensile stress can’t be ignored.It is recommended that the distribution modes and characteristic value of vertical positive and negative temperature gradients should be set separately to ensure the reliability of the analysis results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Application of Flat Coupling Installation System Used in the Suspension Bridge with Steel Truss Girder ZHUANG Kaiwei 2017, 36(10): 15-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1207KB) ( )   In the flat coupling and precast slab installation of steel truss girder suspension bridge, the regular construction lacks appropriate service platform; therefore, it is hard and dangerous for the construction of section connection because the safety protection measures are hard to set up. In the construction of steel truss girder of Hulukou Bridge, the flat coupling installation system was firstly designed and applied. The proposed system ensures the construction safety and saves the construction time, which has high applicability and promotion significance in the construction of similar bridges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Base Reinforcement of Shield Tunnel on the Long-Term Settlement in Soft Soil Stratum GONG Yanfeng1，2，WANG Aiwu3，ZHOU Kun2，LIU Xin’gen4，CHEN Yujia4 2017, 36(10): 19-25.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (788KB) ( )   In water-rich soft soil stratum，how to predict and control the long term consolidation settlement induced by ground disturbance in the shield tunnel construction is one of the important problems.Based on soil-water fully coupling theory in the FEM- FDM scheme，the influence rule of the local reinforcement of the soft soil section of one tunnel on the long-term post consolidation settlement of soil caused by shield tunneling construction was analyzed by using GeoFBA3D software.The numerical calculation results indicate that the long-term settlement trough of the soft stratum and the tunnel vault becomes deeper and narrower with the increase of the buried depth.The maximum settlements of the ground surface and tunnel vault caused by the base reinforcement in shield tunneling construction are reduced by 34.2% and 27% respectively，and both of them tend to be more stable，but the influence on the deformation of the tunnel structure is not obvious.The reinforcement will make the vertical stress of tunnel increase，but it does not alter its axial distribution rule along the tunnel; furthermore，the excess pore water pressure of tunnel arch with the base reinforcement dissipates faster，which makes the consolidation settlement tend to be stable faster. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Effects of Nano-titanium Dioxide on Asphalt Aging Performances YU Jiang，LI Wenbo，LI Linping 2017, 36(10): 26-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (445KB) ( )   For the influence of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) on asphalt aging performances，Karamay 90# asphalt and rubber asphalt were modified respectively with different dosage of TiO2.By TFOT short term thermal oxygen aging and UV aging test，the physical performances of the above two kinds of asphalt before and after aging were evaluated by conventional index from macroscopic view.The accurate quantity of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional group before and after aging was computed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Furthermore，carbonyl index (ICO) and sulfoxide index (ISO) were regarded as a quantitative index to analyze asphalt aging behavior.By analyzing the reciprocal relationship rule between the asphalt functional group index and macroscopic properties，it shows that the addition of 1.5% TiO2 can significantly improve the short-term thermal oxygen aging and UV aging performances of rubber asphalt.In addition，the modified Karamay 90# matrix asphalt which consists of 3.0% TiO2 has better anti-ultraviolet aging performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance and Mechanism of Composite Asphalt Modified by Nano-CaCO3/TiO2/SBR CHEN Zhengwei1，ZHAO Shifeng2，ZHANG Hongliang1，WANG Qian1 2017, 36(10): 31-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )   In order to improve the compatibility between organic material and inorganic material，nano-CaCO3 and nano-TiO2was modified with silence coupling agent KH560.The nano-CaCO3/TiO2/SBR composite modified asphalt was prepared by high-speed shearing and mixing.Through orthogonal experiment，the best combination scheme was selected out by routine performance tests; the conventional and unconventional properties of composite modified asphalt were also studied.The results show that the best combination scheme of the composite modified asphalt is 5% CaCO3+1% TiO2+3% SBR.Compared with the matrix asphalt，the proposed composite modified asphalt has strong resistance to rutting at high temperature.When the temperature is 88 ℃，its performances can still satisfy the requirements of the standard.Its low temperature performances and anti-aging performances are improved obviously.The proposed composite modified asphalt can be used in the area where the temperature is high in summer and low in winter. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance Comparison of Warm Asphalt and Mixture Based on Viscosity Reducer and Surface Activity HUANG Gang1，ZHANG Xia1，HUANG Tao2 2017, 36(10): 37-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (453KB) ( )   H70# asphalt and SBS modified asphalt were adopted，and Sasobit (the warm mix agent with organic viscosity reducing)and DAT (the warm mix agent with surface activity)were added respectively to compare and evaluate their influence on the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture.Based on the study on the performance of warm asphalt mixture，the control method of construction temperature of warm asphalt mixture was put forward，and the referential construction temperatures were also given.Dynamic and static test methods were adopted to systematically study the performance of warm asphalt mixture.The fatigue performance and viscoelastic characteristics of warm asphalt mixture were evaluated，and the corresponding fatigue equations and the modified Burgers models were established.The study shows that Sasobit obviously improves the high temperature stability of asphalt and its effect of causing viscosity reduction is significant at 100~135 ℃.DAT is proved to have better temperature reduction effect.However，it has a little effect on asphalt performance and has no viscosity reduction effect.Both Sasobit and DAT can reduce the aging of asphalt.Sasobit asphalt has better anti-aging performance.Sasobit can obviously improve high temperature stability of the mixture and DAT has no effect on high temperature stability of the mixture.Both two types of warm mix agents have little effect on short-term water stability of mixture.Sasobit can deteriorate long-term water stability of mixture; however，DAT can improve that.Sasobit can decrease low temperature performance of mixture.DAT has a little effect on low temperature performance of mixture.Sasobit asphalt mixture has better resistance to fatigue performance than DAT does.Fatigue failure of Sasobit mixture has brittle feature and that of DAT mixture has plastic feature.Sasobit asphalt mixture is proved to have better ability of elastic recovery and high temperature performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Consolidation Characteristics of Soft Clay Ground Subject to Non-uniformly Distributed Initial Pore Pressure LI Zhida，SHAO Yu 2017, 36(10): 45-50.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (477KB) ( )   A new solution under the non-uniform distribution of initial pore pressure expressed in a unified expression was derived from the equivalent strain governing equation for the consolidation by vertical drain wells on the basis of the Merchant rheological model.The correctness of the proposed solution was verified by comparing with the viscoelastic solution under the uniform distribution of initial pore pressure.The calculation program was coded to analyze the influence of the viscoelastic parameters and the initial pore pressure parameters (described by k and η)on the consolidation characteristics of soil ground with vertical drain wells.The research shows that the increase of k and η will slow down the rate of the consolidation，and increase the average pore pressure at the same depth.The increase of k and η has more significant influence on the average pore pressure of soil ground with vertical drain wells than that on the average degree of consolidation; under the same condition，the change of k makes much more influence on the average degree of consolidation than that on the average pore pressure of soil ground with vertical drain wells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance Study of Reflective Resistance Crack of DZFH Road Crack Paste LI Rukai1，LIU Miqiang2，ZHOU Gang1，2，WANG Huoming1，2， ZHANG Zhentao3 2017, 36(10): 51-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (436KB) ( )   In order to recommend better reflective resistance technology for entity engineering，MTS fatigue loading test and rolling load fatigue loading test were selected to study the performance of DZFH road crack paste on preventing and treating the reflective crack of composite pavement under the condition of overloads.The results show that new DZFH road crack paste has good performance on preventing and treating the reflective crack of composite pavement under the condition of overloads，which has a significantly better reflective resistance performance at the stage of preventing the reflection crack and delaying the crack propagation than glass fiber grid and fiberglass-polyester paving mat do.The higher the tensile strength of road crack paste，the better its reflective resistance performance.Road crack paste with high tensile strength is suggested to be used in composite pavement entity engineering，which can not only improve the performance of preventing and treating reflective cracks on the road surface，but also can carry out the construction at normal temperature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Application of Parallel Electrical Method and Multi-dimensional Imaging Technology in River Cavern Survey LI Hongwen1，2，3，GONG Dunhong4，YU Fei1，2，3，TAN Lei1，2，3，XU Donghai5 2017, 36(10): 56-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (1245KB) ( )   As for the possible concealed corrosion body that may exist at certain section of watercourse in Jiangshan Port karst area ，the parallel electric method which adopted quasi-earthquake power supply mode and synchronous acquisition of a huge amount of data was proposed as the main means of detection technology.Besides，combining with drill disclosure data，the plane distribution of karst body under the sides of watercourse was analyzed.The structure characteristics of the riverbed bottom area were further predicted.According to the experimental study results，it is indicated that two-dimensional apparent resistivity section reveals the two-dimensional distribution of the karst body in the whole exploration line control area，which effectively outlines the buried depth ，size and scale of corrosion body piercing in the vertical plane.Because of the correlation of karst caves of both sides at the bottom of the riverbed，the three-dimensional sections of resistivity with different depth were extracted，which intuitively showed that both sides of karst caves were obviously different in elevation and size on vertical distribution; the right bank of karst caves extended within the riverbed，but it didn’t reach the left bank.The research results provide scientific and technical support for the comprehensive reclamation and later operation maintenance of the river basin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In-situ Test Research on Vertical Bearing Capacity of PTC Pipe Pile LANG Ruiqing1, CHEN Kun1, YAN Shuwang1, ZENG Wei2, YUAN Hongkai2, DUAN Xiaopei2 2017, 36(10): 62-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (907KB) ( )   There are differences between the roles that PTC pipe piles play in pile foundation and composite foundation, so do its bearing characteristics. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of skin resistance and tip resistance of PTC pipe piles is of great importance. 9 prestressed concrete test pipe piles with different pile lengths were designed. Static load tests were carried out on the scenes of 3 sets of different geological conditions and the load-displacement curves of PTC pipe piles with different pile lengths were obtained. The bearing characteristics of PTC pipe pile in soft soil area were discussed. The axial force and pile tip resistance of different sections were obtained by pre-embedding the reinforced stress gauge in the main reinforcement of the pile and soil pressure box at the bottom of pile. And then the performance characteristics of skin resistance and pile tip resistance with different load levels were analyzed. Meanwhile, the load sharing ratio of skin resistance and pile tip resistance at the limited state was determined. Finally, according to soil characteristics, the friction coefficients between PTC piles and different soil were studied. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis Method for Anti-inclined and Layered Slopes with Rock and Soil Composition GUO Jianjun1, 2, WANG Junjie1, LI Hongguang2 2017, 36(10): 70-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (587KB) ( )   Based on the limit equilibrium theory and the cantilever beam model, a simple theoretical analysis method for toppling failure of rock and soil composite structures was proposed. Firstly, the force on the lying rock from the overlying soil was analyzed, according to Coulomb’s earth pressure theory and Tan wall theory. Secondly, with flexural cantilever model and coordinate the equilibrium equation, increasing factor of weight was introduced, and the analytic expression of the stability safety factor for anti-inclined and layered slopes with rock and soil composition was solved. At last, a case study was used to verify the correctness of the proposed method. The presented theoretical analysis method is beneficial to judge the stability of this kind of slopes quickly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Research on Impact of EGS Water-Rock Interaction on Porosity and Permeability of Geothermal Reservoir BAO Xinhua1，SU Yuxi2，WU Yongdong1,2，ZHANG Yu1，MA Dan1，HUO Ran1 2017, 36(10): 76-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (2098KB) ( )   Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS)is a project which develops and uses deep geothermal energy，and the effect of water-rock interaction on reservoir porosity and permeability in the long-term operation of EGS can’t be ignored.Taking rhyolite in Songliao basin and granite in Zhacanggou at Guide County in Qinghai as the research object，the influence of lithology and injection water temperature on water rock interaction during EGS hydrothermal cycle was simulated by means of TOUGHREACT program，and the change of reservoir porosity and permeability caused by water-rock interaction was also analyzed.The results show that when the simulation time reaches ten years，the porosity and permeability increase at the area near the injection well and decrease at the area near the production well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Discussion on Long-Time Cross-Dam Transportation Schemes of the Bulk Cargo for Jinsha River LIU Geng1，LIU Mingwei2，HE Linlin2，LUO Hong1 2017, 36(10): 83-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (510KB) ( )   With the formation of water storage in Jinsha River reservoir area，the channel condition of the reservoir area has been obviously improved.However，because of the hysteresis and insufficiency of the construction of navigation facilities，some measures must be done to increase the integrated throughput capacity for Jinsha River.The feasible schemes of long-time cross-dam transportation of the bulk cargo for Jinsha River were discussed by means of field investigation，data collection and analogy analysis as well as referring to the relevant engineering experiences.Various cross-dam transportation schemes of the hub areas at Jinsha River downstream were proposed，where the road cross-dam was principal，the belt conveyor cross-dam was auxiliary，and the road + chute tube cross-dam was supplementary.The research provides some references to solve the insufficiency of integrated throughput capacity of Jinsha River by various cross-dam transportation schemes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling of Public Bicycle during Peak Period Based on the Customer Reservation Data JIN Wenzhou，YE Qinhai，HAO Xiaoni 2017, 36(10): 91-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (409KB) ( )   The issues of scheduling delay and low customer satisfaction caused by the lack of demand forecast during peak period and the concept of systematic scheduling in the public bicycle system were analyzed.The quantization method of scheduling demand forecast and system average satisfaction of the public bicycle during peak period was discussed; the optimal routing of the public bicycle scheduling was also analyzed.According to the analysis on the scheduling demand forecast model based on the customer reservation data during peak period，the optimal scheduling model to minimize the comprehensive scheduling costs with considering the customer satisfaction level was established，and then an improved Genetic Algorithm was adopted to solve the proposed model.Finally，a case study of the public bicycle system at certain area in Guangzhou was cited to verify the proposed model.Research results show that， compared with the conventional scheduling plan，the comprehensive cost of the proposed model is reduced by 16.6% and the system average customer satisfaction is improved by 28.7%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Road Landscape Evaluation Model at Tourist Area Based on the Driver’s Psychological and Physiological Responses QIAO Jiangang, REN Hongru, ZHOU Tong 2017, 36(10): 97-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (765KB) ( )   The highway landscape at tourist area has both natural attribute and social attribute, which is both functional and ornamental. In order to enhance the landscape along the road at the tourist area and to achieve the driver’s requirements of driving comfort, a large amount of field acquisition data of drivers’ psychological and physiological reactions when driving was obtained. Through the discrete Fourier transform method, the heart rate random signal in time domain was transformed into power spectrum density value in frequency domain, and the variation rule of the road landscape and the driver’s psychological and physiological reaction was obtained. Through the analysis on the relationship among the landscape fragmentation index, the road landscape and the human disturbance intensity, the evaluation model of road landscape at tourist area was established, which provided a new thinking to improve the road safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traveler’s Behavior of Path Selection Based on Different Preferences LIU Xinmin1, LU Xiaoyan2, SUN Qiuxia3 2017, 36(10): 102-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (393KB) ( )   From the static property (driving distance) and dynamic property (quality of road traffic), the travel cost function based on the preference of traveler’s route selection was established. Combined with the improved model Logit, the characteristics of traveler’s behavior of path selection with different preferences were analyzed. Examples show that the travel cost function based on different properties can effectively reflect the traveler’s preferences. The improved Logit model taking the repeated sections into account can effectively reflect the effects of different preferences on the traveler’s behavior. The improved model can better reflect the probability of selection truly and the calculation is simpler. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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MLD Model of Train Traffic Control WANG Honggang，MA Mingjun 2017, 36(10): 107-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (416KB) ( )   Through analyzing the events affecting train operation status，it was pointed out that the essence of the effect imposed on trains by various events was to change train’s acceleration.Using the mixed logic dynamic system theory，the train traffic control model was established，which put the continuous and discrete behaviors into a unified framework and considered the constraints，such as the minimal dwell time and safe distance.A dispatch section including 6 stations and 5 sections was used to carry out the simulation study of the proposed model.For train’s delays resulting from the imposed disturbances in simulation，the method of compressing the dwell time and the interval running time in sections was used to adjust the delayed train，which eventually restored the train’s punctual operation.The validity and correctness of the proposed model is verified by simulation results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Analysis and Research of In-wheel SRD Based on Maxwell and Simplorer JIANG Baojun1，ZHOU Lin1，HUANG Dafei2 2017, 36(10): 112-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (996KB) ( )   Due to the structure characteristics of in-wheel switched reluctance motor，its electromotive relationship was quite complex.Modeling and simulation of individual motors could not simulate their actual operation conditions accurately.Therefore，finite element model of in-wheel switched reluctance motor was established at Maxwell environment，and then power converter and control circuits were also established to run “filed-path” coupled calculations，combining with Simplorer software.Simulation analysis on two working conditions of starting and steady running of motor was carried out，and its operation characteristics were obtained.The results of the combined simulation accurately reflect the motor’s actual operation situation，which provides reference to control and optimize the speed regulating system of in-wheel switched reluctance motor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Support Vector Machine Based on Parameter Optimization and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis CHEN Hu 2017, 36(10): 119-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2017.10.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (1027KB) ( )   In order to effectively diagnose the fault of the equipment，a support vector machine algorithm based on parameter optimization was proposed.Firstly，the immune clonal selection mechanism was introduced.The antibody group was constructed，in which an antibody was expressed in two decimal numbers.Then，the affinity function was established on the basis of the missing report rate.Thus，the parameters of support vector machine were optimized.After that，the support vector classifier with optimized parameters was constructed and used to classify and detect the equipment data.Simulation verification was carried out on the data of turbo generator set.The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm does not significantly increase the training time，compared with the traditional support vector machine algorithm.Moreover，it can effectively improve the detection rate and reduce the false detection rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics