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12 April 2018, Volume 37 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Comfortability Analysis and Dynamic Load Value of the Human Induced Vibration of A Special-Shaped Landscape Bridge ZHANG Xuesong，CHEN Yonghui，WANG Jixiang 2018, 37(04): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (856KB) ( )   The stiffness of the special-shaped landscape bridge is small.Under the action of the dynamic load of the crowd，the pedestrian comfort degree of the bridge will be poor.In order to perform dynamic time history analysis and evaluate its vibration characteristics，the key is to determine the dynamic load on the bridge.The Fourier triangle series was used to express the footstep force load; and the dynamic load factor was introduced to consider the high order harmonic component of the pedestrian load.The time history analysis of the whole bridge was performed to calculate the acceleration response.It is indicated that the structural form optimization can effectively improve the stiffness.The load loading point is determined on the basis of the vibration mode and the live load influence surface (line).When the external excitation is equal to or close to the vertical frequency of the structure，the vibration acceleration is maximum，which is used to evaluate the comfort level.Taking a proposed landscape glass bridge in China as an example，the dynamic design process of pedestrian landscape bridge was demonstrated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Wave Propagation Analysis on Tunnel Structure in Liquefaction Site under Plane P-Wave Incidence ZUO Xi1，WANG Tingting2，WANG Binghui3，SU Hui1 2018, 37(04): 7-14.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (550KB) ( )   The liquefied soil was regarded as the viscous fluid and the wave equation of liquefied soil was derived from the motion equation and continuity equation of viscous fluid.And then the loss of wave equation was proved to be related with the dynamic viscosity.What’s more，combined with the complex function method，the displacement and stress fields around the tunnel structure in the semi-infinite space were solved.According to the boundary conditions of continuous displacement and the stress between the lateral of tunnel structure and the surrounding liquefied soil，the undetermined complex coefficients of the potential functions in the wave problem could be obtained.The concentration degree of dynamic stress in radial and circumferential direction generated by the tunnel structure under plane P-wave was analyzed.The results show that the distribution of stress concentration of the tunnel structure varies obviously with different incident angles when the P wave is incident.In addition，dynamic viscosity has obvious influence on the dynamic stress concentration of the tunnel structure，and the stress distribution of the tunnel structure changes with the change of the dynamic viscosity：the smaller the dynamic viscosity，the higher the concentration degree of the stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Analysis on the Thermal Insulation Effect of the Thickness of the Thermosetting Thermal Insulation Layer in High-Altitude Tunnel WANG Zhanyu，CHU Jiangwei，LIU Xiu 2018, 37(04): 15-20.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (957KB) ( )   Based on the two-dimension heat transferring analysis model of the anti-freezing insulation layer/lining layer/surrounding rock，the contours of static temperature of surrounding rock and lining of the tunnel model was simulated with two-dimension steady-state thermal conductivity finite element analysis method.Firstly，under the condition of the annual average geographical ambient temperature at -3.5 ℃，the anti-freezing insulation effect of thermosetting thermal insulation material FLOLIC FOAM with different designed thickness was analyzed.Secondly，when the designed thickness of anti-freezing insulation layer was 5cm and the tunnel ambient temperature decreased from -3.5 ℃ to-10 ℃，the temperature difference caused by anti-freezing thermal effect of unit thickness of the thermal insulation layer and its heat insulation effect were compared.Thirdly，when the ambient temperature of the tunnel changed from -3.5 ℃ to -35 ℃ and the thickness of thermal insulation layer was 5cm，the minimum temperature range of anti-freezing and heat preservation was obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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XFEM and Its Application to Fatigue Crack Extension of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck QU Yu1，2，ZENG Yong1，2，GU Anbang1，2，DU Baisong1，2 2018, 37(04): 21-27.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1193KB) ( )   In order to study the cause of crack occurred at the orthotropic steel bridge deck test model of a long span flat steel box girder，the 3-D segment model was established and calculated by extended finite element method(XFEM) on the basis of the experiment model，and the crack propagation simulation was carried out by the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method(DG-XFEM).The results show that the places near the weld tip of connection of U rib and the curved opening are the high stress zones.This high stresses superimposed on such unfavorable factors as stress concentration caused by geometrical discontinuity，weld defects and built-in stresses make the places near the connection of U rib and the curved opening as the most sensitive sites of fatigue，that is fatigue crack producing area.The initial stage of crack growth is perpendicular to the principal stress isocline and extends along the direction of the maximum principal stress.The position，propagation path and length of the crack are in good agreement with the test results，which is consistent with the position and shape of the cracks in the actual bridge，and is also consistent with the basic theory of crack propagation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Evaluation of Henan Province Expressway Network Planning Based on Attribute Mathematical Theory WANG Zhenmin 2018, 37(04): 28-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (404KB) ( )   As an important strategic resource of the economic and social development and an important part of the comprehensive transportation network，the expressway has played a great role in improving the efficiency of the economic operation，enhancing the vitality of development，improving the quality of people’s life and promoting the coordinated development of the region.From 4 dimensions including the scale structure，operation performance，cohesion performance as well as economic and social impact，Henan provincial highway network planning program was evaluated，which was a comprehensive reflection of the rationality and adaptability of expressway network planning program.In the aspect of the selection of evaluation model，the previous evaluation method with stronger subjectivity was avoided，and the entropy weight-attribute mathematical model was adopted to improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance of Mortar Containing Strontium Slag ZHU Hongzhou，ZHONG Weiming，TIAN Wenyu 2018, 37(04): 34-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (819KB) ( )   To explore the feasibility of taking strontium slags as fine aggregate of cement mortar，the particle size gradation of strontium slags before and after compaction tests was analyzed and the comparative analysis was conducted on differences of strontium slags and machine-made sands in density，porosity，hygroscopicity and crushing value.Influences of different percentages of strontium slags on consistency，mechanical properties and frost resistance of M10 and M15 mortar were also studied; meanwhile，the mechanism of hydration and hardening of the cement was discussed.Results reveal that：the gradation of strontium slags is good，and the curves of strontium slags gradation before and after compaction tests are located in area II and III respectively.Strontium slags have lower density，higher porosity，higher hygroscopicity and lower strength than machine-made sands do.As the percentage of strontium slags increases，the consistency of M10 and M15 mortar increases; and when the percentage of strontium slags is 60%，strontium slags exact greater influence on consistency of M15 mortar than on that of M10 mortar.As the percentage of strontium slags increases，the strength of both mortars decreases; and when the percentage of strontium slags is not higher than 40%，the strength of mortars meets the requirements.Adding strontium slags increases frost resistance of mortars，in which M15 mortar performs better than M10 mortar does. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stress Response of Asphalt Mixture under Variable Amplitude Alternating Strain DING Biao1，ZHENG Chuanchao2，ZOU Xiaolong2，CHEN Tuanjie1，ZHENG Nanxiang2 2018, 37(04): 39-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   With unit step function，piecewise strain was written as a continuous strain.Based on Burgers model，stress analytic solution under variable amplitude alternating strain was solved; meanwhile，the variable amplitude fatigue test of the asphalt mixture was conducted，and the results of the above two conditions were compared.The results show that under low-high load sequence，the stress of the asphalt mixture will decrease with the increase of load times in two load levels.Under high-low load sequence，there is an equilibrium stress at the initial stage of low strain control; when unloading level is too small，the initial stress at the low strain control stage will be higher than equilibrium stress and the stress will decrease with the increase of load times; while unloading level is too big，the initial stress at the low strain control stage will be lower than equilibrium stress and the stress will increase first and then decrease with the increase of load times. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of Seismic Earth Pressure on Sheets between Two Piles Considering Arching Effects ZHANG Siping1，2，HUANG Yafei1，WU Shuguang1，2，CHANG Tong1，LUO Chao1 2018, 37(04): 45-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )   With the existence of soil arching effect between piles，the traditional theory of soil pressure is not applicable to the calculation of seismic pressure on sheet between piles.The calculation mode of active earth pressure on sheets was established，which took the soil arching effect into account.Then，the level-layer analysis method was used to derivate the calculation method of seismic active earth pressure on sheets.And the proposed method was compared with the unloading arch method，the silo method and the GB method，to study the distribution and variation of earth pressure on sheet.The results indicate that the earth pressure on sheet with the existence of arching effects is obviously less than that of Coulomb’s theory.The distribution of earth pressure on sheet is a nonlinear form along the height of retaining wall，and the pressure approaches to a maximum value.The earth pressure value calculated by proposed method is between that of the unloading arch method and the silo method.The soil arching effect between piles can significantly reduce the seismic active earth pressure.The horizontal and vertical seismic force can significantly enlarge the earth pressure，and their contribution to the earth pressure is almost equal.The magnified coefficient of earth pressure is approximately linear with the earthquake acceleration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment Earth Pressure Calculation Method of Sheet Pile for Reinforcing Revetment Considering Displacement WU Yafeng，XU Chunhu，CHEN Hao 2018, 37(04): 53-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (460KB) ( )   Currently，the earth pressure calculation methods considering displacement are based on the known lateral displacement of retaining earth structure and are not suitable for the unknown displacement cases in reality.Therefore，on the basis of fully considering the interaction between soil and reinforcing revetment sheet piles，an earth pressure calculation method was established， which was based on matrix displacement method and earth pressure model of sheet pile for reinforcing revetment.Combined with the field test data，the calculated values of earth press agree with the measured values at bank side，the relative error between the two is small and the maximum value is only 8.2%.On the water side，the distribution rule of the calculated values of earth press and the measured values is almost the same.Except for the ends of piles，the relative error between the two is small and the maximum value is only 3.2%.To a certain extent，it is proved that the calculation method of soil pressure on the side of the reinforced bank sheet pile with the consideration of displacement is reasonable and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Zoning Method of Shallow Geothermal Energy Development and Utilization in Chongqing Urban Area ZHANG Furen1，MAO Weiwei2，YUAN Yuan1，GAO Xielin3，WANG Lexiang1 2018, 37(04): 59-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )   With the investigation and analysis of shallow geothermal energy resource and city development in Chongqing urban area，a zoning method of the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in Chongqing urban area was proposed，comprehensively considering the distribution of resources，city planning，economic development，administrative boundaries and so on.The results show that the two parts including “energetically developing zone” and “encouraging development zone” account for 68.33% of the total planning area，which illustrates that most of Chongqing urban area has a huge development potential in shallow geothermal energy development with complete natural and socio-economic conditions.Finally，the corresponding recommendations for Chongqing urban area shallow geothermal energy development and utilization planning are made according to its characteristics and present situation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthogonal Test Study on the Ratio of Soft Soil Similar Materials DOU Yuanming1，2，WANG Jianning1，2，TIAN Guizhou1，WEI Ming3 2018, 37(04): 65-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (471KB) ( )   Based on the orthogonal experiment design method，five raw materials including barite powder，quartz sand，gypsum powder，laundry detergent，bentonite and water were chosen to perform the mixture ratio tests of soft soil similar material in the model test.The physical and mechanical indexes such as the density，cohesion and internal friction angle of similar materials with different ratio were obtained.The method of extremum difference analysis and variance analysis were adopted to analyze the sensitivity and significance of various factors.The influence rule of various factors on the index of similar materials was studied.The results show that the properties of similar materials with different ratio vary within a large range，which can meet the requirements of soil similar materials in most of the model tests.There is a little difference between the analysis results of the extreme difference method and the variance method，but the general rule is consistent.The density of similar materials is primarily controlled by the bentonite content.The cohesion is significantly affected by the aggregate-blinder ratio，and the internal friction angle is obviously affected by the bentonite content，water content and barite powder content.The test results provide reference for the configuration of similar materials in other similar model tests. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Traffic & Transportation Engineering Intersection Signal Cycle Optimization Considering the Delay and Traffic Capacity WANG Li，ZHANG Lili，LI Min，ZHANG Haibo，XIU Weijie，LI Zhengxi 2018, 37(04): 72-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (1091KB) ( )   Current signal cycle optimization methods of a single intersection always start with evaluation index(delay，parking times，and queue length) or traffic capacity.However，the restriction relation between evaluation indicator and traffic capacity is vital to the optimization of signal period.Aiming at this problem， taking the relationship between the signal period and the phase delay and the capacity as the breakthrough point，the gradient change of phase delay and phase traffic capacity was respectively analyzed under three different traffic states：under saturation，critical saturation and oversaturation.The approximate function of the two was constructed，and the optimization objective is to be solved by genetic algorithm.The calculation results show that：the signal period obtained by the proposed algorithm is better than the Webster algorithm，which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Factors Affecting Traffic Accident Severity Based on Ordinal Logistic Model：A Case Study of Rollover Accidents HU Ji1，YAN Zhangcun1，LU Xiaozhao1，WANG Peng1，ZHANG Minjie2，HU Wanxin3 2018, 37(04): 80-86.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )   In order to accurately analyze the miscellaneous factors influencing the traffic accident severities，Ordinal Logistic model was utilized to study the effect of the elements，such as drivers，vehicles，and environments，on the severity of traffic accident，and the statistical method was used for significance test.The analysis on the influence factors of the severity of 385 rollover accidents sampled from 2010 to 2014 in North Carolina was carried out by the proposed model.The obtained regression model accorded with the parallel line test (=0.115 1) and the likelihood ratio test (≤0.000 1).Through the model analysis，it was concluded that the variables such as “safety belt”(≤0.000 1)，“pavement condition”(≤0.013 6) and the “road alignment”(≤0.005 7) had a significant impact on the severity of rollover accidents.The results show that the Ordinal Logistic model is suitable for analyzing and revealing the factors that affect the severity of traffic accidents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-Factor Analysis of Road Traffic Accident YANG Chunfeng，ZHUANG Can，SUN Jishu，YAN Xiaochen 2018, 37(04): 87-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (446KB) ( )   Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relevance between the illegal behaviors of motor vehicle drivers with four indicators of road traffic accidents.The results show that the illegal behavior of motor vehicle drivers is significantly correlated with the total number of road traffic accidents，the number of deaths and the number of injures.In order to further understand the correlation between driver’s illegal behavior and four indicators of road traffic accidents，the motor vehicle driver’s illegal behavior that had the highest correlation with the four indicators was obtained.And an improved gray comprehensive correlation degree model was proposed to analyze the correlation degree.The results show that driving without a license has the highest gray comprehensive correlation degree with the total number of road traffic accidents，the number of injures and the direct economic loss; the illegal behavior not to give way by rule has the highest gray comprehensive correlation degree with the number of deaths in traffic accidents; the illegal behaviors such as reverse driving，illegal overtaking and speeding also have high gray comprehensive correlation degree with four indicators of road traffic accidents.Therefore，in the prevention and treatment of road traffic accidents，reducing the occurrence of illegal behaviors such as driver driving without a license，not to give way by rule，reverse driving，illegal overtaking and speeding should be focused，so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents and losses caused by road traffic accidents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transport Effect of Group Adhesion Expansion in Chongqing Urban Area IU Xiaomeng1，2，HUANG Chengfeng1 2018, 37(04): 96-101.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (1527KB) ( )   With the expansion of urban space，there is a trend of residential group adhesions in some polycentric group cities.In order to explore the influence mechanism of group adhesion on the urban traffic of polycentric group city，taking the main urban area of Chongqing as an example，the travel characteristics of the residents in the studied area were analyzed.The traffic generating and attracting characteristics and the characteristics of travel modes with different travel purposes were investigated through questionnaires.The characteristics of main road traffic operation on the working days and non-working day in the adhesion area were analyzed by road real-time monitoring.It is considered that the group adhesion expansion breaks group internal balance and increases cross-group travel demand; it stimulates demand for private car travel which is not conducive to the development of public transport; it also breaks the “arterial traffic + area freestyle” road network layout which is well matched with the group urban construction.Finally，suggestions for the coordinated development of urban spatial structure and urban traffic in polycentric group city were put forward. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Commuter Trip Rate of Private Cars in Guangzhou Based on Household Income HU Yucong，HUANG Jingxiang，SHI Yifei，ZHANG Manying 2018, 37(04): 102-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (469KB) ( )   When the traffic policy changes, the responses of private car commuters with different household income will be different. In order to study the difference quantitatively, Logistic model was used to study the factors which influenced the commuter trip rate of private car in Guangzhou on the basis of the SP/RP investigation. And the impact of parking fees, fuel costs and the waiting time of buses on the commuter trip rate of private car with different household income were explored respectively. All models passed the parameter tests and the fitting goodness tests. Research results declare that the impacts of different factors on the commuter trip rate of private car were significantly different. Under the same range of changes, the adjustments of fuel costs, parking fees, and the waiting time of buses were successively reduced. The research models can assist the traffic managers to formulate private cars transportation demand management policies, and can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Container Space Equilibrium Assignment Model of the Mixed Storage Yard in Container Sea-Rail Port WU Huirong1，ZHU Xiaoning2，DENG Hongxing1 2018, 37(04): 109-115.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (457KB) ( )   The yard in container sea-rail port is an important node of container port operations，mainly storing the containers in and out of the port with different modes of transportation such as waterway，railway and highway.There were various types of containers in the yard of container sea-rail port，and its storage scheme directly impacted the performance and productivity of port.The problem of box allocation in the mixed storage yard of container sea-rail port was studied with the goal of balancing the operation quantity in the container area.According to rolling plan，the container space assignment model of the mixed storage yard was established with the target to balance the operation quantity of the container area.The simulated annealing algorithm was designed，and the example analysis was carried out.The results show that the proposed model is effective to reduce the workload imbalance of the mixed storage yard; and the algorithm can effectively converge to obtain a better solution，optimize container space assignment of the yard and improve the operation efficiency of the port. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated Allocation of Continuous Berth and Quay Crane Considering Tidal SHI Li，GUAN Mingjing，GUO Jinxin 2018, 37(04): 116-120.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (425KB) ( )   Berths and quay cranes(QCs) are the two most important resources of container terminals，and their rational allocation and use is an important way to improve the efficiency of container terminal operation.In the practice of port operations，water depth at berth might restrict the mooring of vessels since berth water depth had to match the draft of vessels.Considering a tidal wharf whose water depth of vessels at berth varied with time，a mixed integer programming model was constructed with the consideration of the continuous berth and quay crane assignment problem(QCAP) under the influence of tidal factor，whose target was to minimize the cost of time delay and the use of quay crane.The plan of vessel berthing and the quay crane allocation was obtained by CPLEX.Numerical results show that the proposed model is effective in solving the allocation problem of the berth and quay crane in the actual port. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Vehicle & Electromechanical Engineering Dynamic Characteristics and Mooring Layout of Deep-Water FPSO with Taut Mooring System ZHANG Jing，SHAO Long，WU Xun，YAN Yan 2018, 37(04): 121-127.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1248KB) ( )   In order to discuss the positioning characteristics of the mooring system of the deep water floating production storage oil discharge unit(FPSO)，taking the single point mooring deep water FPSO as the research object，the influence of tension and catenary mooring system on the hydrodynamic performance of the platform was compared from six degrees of freedom motion and mooring line tension response.The results show that the taut mooring system can effectively control the dynamic response of deep water FPSO.And the influence of the mooring layout(number of mooring cable，layout type of mooring fractional group，the position of inside turret and the angle between the cable and the seabed) on the water dynamic performance was investigated by the nonlinear time-domain coupled simulated method for the taut moored deep water FPSO.The results show that the means of increasing the mooring cable and the fractional layout can effectively reduce the motion response of hull; and the turret position and the angel between the cable and seabed should be appropriately selected，which can also effectively reduce the motion response of the hull and the tension of mooring cable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk Assessment Based on the Slip Resistance of Car Mats CAI Baixue1，2，LUO Yuanyuan1，2，LI Xiaolong1，2，ZHANG li1，2，WANG Hao1，2 2018, 37(04): 128-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.04.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (417KB) ( )   50 batches of car mats which were from different places of origin were chosed in this risk assessment work. Their slip resistance were tested，and their security risk were assessed. The results show that the possibility of the risk car mats used by consumers is 5.8%. Because the degree of injury probably caused by slip resistance is “very serious”，the risk level of slip resistance is S，that is serious risk level. There will be a serious risk of safety in the use of car seat sushion. References | Related Articles | Metrics