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15 May 2018, Volume 37 Issue 05 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
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Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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Parameters of Anchorage Boxs Location of EarthAnchored CableStayed Bridge with Single Inclined Pylon ZHOU Shuixing1, LUO Xiaoye2 2018, 37(05): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (592KB) ( )   Based on the constructed earth-anchored cable-stayed bridge with single inclined pylon in Guizhou, the software MIDAS CIVIL was used to set up the finite element model for the bridge to carry out parametric analysis of anchorage boxs location. The anchorage boxs location was bound to show different influences on the internal force, deflection and the lateral displacement of tower top of the main beam of the cable-stayed bridge. From the viewpoint of mechanics, the material amount of anchor cables was analyzed, and the cost of anchor cables was obtained by introducing the cost of per unit weight of the stay cables for the optimization analysis of the anchorage boxs location. The analysis results demonstrate that the anchorage boxs location makes an apparent contribution to the change of structures static performance and the material amount of anchor cables. The anchorage boxs location is reasonable when the main span is with the length of 0.5~0.6, and the mechanical properties and economy of the structure are preferable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Blind Hole Method Test and Numerical Analysis of Influence of Welding Heat Input on Residual Stress HE Xiongjun1, SONG Yuan1, XIAO Xiang1, WANG Jinjun2 2018, 37(05): 7-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (957KB) ( )   In order to analyze the relationship between welding residual stress and heat input of multi-pass welding of T-shaped structure, the finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to numerically simulate its welding process. First of all, blind hole method was used to detect welding residual stress, and the numerical simulation results were compared. Then, based on original welding process, numerical simulation of multi-pass welding of T-shaped structure was carried out for 3 groups of welding heat input values. Finally, the influence discipline of welding heat input valued on welding residual stress was analyzed. The research results show that numerical simulation results are close to the measured results; the welding heat input increases and the longitudinal welding residual stress will increase, however, the horizontal welding residual stress will decrease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Damage Mechanism of Outer Sheath of Slings in Service and Life Prediction Method YANG Shicong1, ZHAGN Jinquan2, 1, YAO Guowen1 2018, 37(05): 12-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (1097KB) ( )   In order to better predict the deterioration life of the outer sheath of the sling in service, the damage condition of the outer sheath of some slings in service was investigated through data collection and literature retrieval, and the deterioration and damage mechanism of the outer sheath of slings were analyzed. The internal and external factors which caused the deterioration of the outer sheath of the sling were studied, such as raw materials, production temperature, coil and construction installation, service environment (acid rain, ultraviolet ray, etc.) and the alternating stress in operation process. A logarithmic probabilistic mapping method was innovatively proposed to predict the life of the outer sheath of the sling in service. Based on the actually measured data of a certain Yangtze River Bridge in southwest China in 2004, 2006, 2009, the logarithmic probabilistic drawing method was used to deduce the deterioration life of the outer sheath of the sling in service. The results show that the calculation results of the proposed method are in good agreement with the actual detection, which can provide references for design, construction and maintenance of sling as well as the decision-making of cable replacement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Concrete Arch Bridge Construction Risk Analysis and Countermeasures LIU Jiakui1, LUO Hao1, DU Bin2 2018, 37(05): 18-22.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (369KB) ( )   Referring to principles and ideas of Highway Bridge and Tunnel Engineering Safety Risk Assessment Guide, the arch construction evaluation index system was established for the first time, and the special risks for 3 completed concrete arch bridges were evaluated based on the rick matrix method. The 3 bridges applied the arch construction method and upper span reinforced concrete structure with different spans. The results show that regulatory risk assessment often involves low level of risk assessment. The smaller the span is, the lower the risk level is. The local project evaluation index (B ~ H) can be reduced a level according to the actual reference, and the risk countermeasures against the risk source of arch construction technology are put forward. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Mechanical Effect of Construction of Duct over the Subway Tunnel with SmallDistance JIN Xiaoguang, YANG Qingting, QIU Feng 2018, 37(05): 23-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (869KB) ( )   Based on the construction process of over-lapping wind-duct with small-distance connecting tunnel in a certain interval of Line 4 in Chongqing rail transit, the two dimensional small-distance two-hole tunnel was regarded as an elliptical single-hole tunnel with the plane elastic complex theory, and the pressure of surrounding rock was solved. Comparing the calculated results with two-dimensional numerical simulation, it is proved that the equivalent calculation model is feasible. According to the research results, a three-dimensional construction numerical model was established to calculate the mechanical effect of wind-duct duct. Through the three-dimensional simulation, 4 essential points of the stress and displacement in the construction process were found out and analyzed respectively. The analysis results show that the excavation of the wind-duct has a significant effect on the surrounding rock and soil of the wind-duct, the interval tunnel and ventilating shaft. The deduced two-dimensional simplified calculation model can be used to simplify the calculation of similar connecting small-distance tunnels, especially liaison passage of small-distance tunnels. At the same time, the three-dimensional simulation results of wind-duct excavation can be used to guide the overlapping wind-duct engineering with the same type. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mixing Uniformity of Cement Stabilized Macadam with PVA Fiber CAO Yuanwen1, ZHAO Yi2, WANG Qi1, XIA Zhulin3, ZHENG Nanxiang4 2018, 37(05): 29-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )   In order to study how to disperse PVA fiber evenly in cement stabilized macadam base material, the test of cement stabilized macadam mixing with PVA fiber in the different mixing schemes was carried out. The mass fraction ratio coefficient and its deviation coefficient were used to judge the uniformity of cement stabilized macadam mixing with PVA fiber. The variation rule of the uniformity of cement stabilized macadam mixing with PVA fiber changing with the mixing time under conditions with different feeding sequence, different stirring speed, and different single mixing amount was analyzed. The results show that under different feeding sequence, the deviation coefficient of mass fraction coefficient of mixture tends to be stable, which is generally larger than the mass deviation coefficient of PVA fiber. Only Considering the stability of mixing only, the best feeding sequence of PVA fiber cement stabilized macadam is to put the aggregate and PVA fiber bundles first, and then to add cement and water to continue mixing. When the deviation coefficient of mass fraction coefficient of mixture and the mass deviation coefficient of PVA fiber reach the minimum value, both the mixing time is increased with the increase of single machine agitation and is decreased with the increase of stirring speed. It is recommended that the optimum mixing amount V for single machine is 615 L for the WDZ-600 stabilized soil mixing station, the optimum rotating shaft speed ω is 48 r/min, and the optimum mixing time is 35 s. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of MicroAsphalt Macadam of Graded Gradient Modulus on the Inverted Pavement Structure DAI Wenting, WANG Yufang, WANG Zhen, WANG Qi 2018, 37(05): 34-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (775KB) ( )   The model of the inverted asphalt pavement structure was established by finite element software ABAQUS. The influence of transversely anisotropy of graded aggregate on the pavement structure under multi-axle load was studied. And the inverted pavement structure was optimized by setting the hierarchical gradient modulus of micro-asphalt graded gravel. The results show that: the transversely anisotropy of micro-asphalt graded gravel has an obvious effect on the internal stress and strain of the inverted asphalt pavement structure as well as the service life of the pavement, which cant be ignored in the actual project; the modulus ratio among layers can be reduced by setting the hierarchical gradient modulus of micro-asphalt graded gravel to form a buffer, in order to alleviate the influence of the transversely anisotropy of micro-asphalt graded gravel; especially in the heavy traffic conditions, the key indicators of road performance can be reduced by more than 20% by setting the transversely anisotropy of micro-asphalt graded gravel. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence Mechanism of Microscopic Void Characteristics on Pb2+ Removal from Road Runoff in Porous Asphalt Player ZHAO Yao, TONG Lei, ZHU Yating, WEI Yang 2018, 37(05): 41-46.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (484KB) ( )   In order to explore the influence mechanism of porous asphalt mixture structure on heavy metal removal from road surface runoff, the microscopic parameters, including equivalent diameter, number of voids, surface voidage, unit specific surface area and fractal dimension, were chosen as characteristic parameters. An indoor artificial rainfall test was implemented to study the influence mechanism of mesoscopic void characteristics on Pb2+ removal from porous asphalt surface by two kinds of target void fraction. Results show that surface voidage, unit specific surface area, void volume and fractal dimension have a positive correlation with the ability of porous asphalt mixture to remove Pb2+, that is, the bigger the parameter is, the better the Pb2+ removal effect is. The equivalent diameter has a negative correlation with the ability of porous asphalt mixture to remove Pb2+, that is, the bigger the parameter is, the worse the Pb2+ removal effect is. And the number of voids has no significant effect on Pb2+ removal from asphalt mixtures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cause Analysis on Runoff Changes of Qinhe River Basin in Recent 10 Years HOU Baojian1, LI Zhuo2, LI Kefei1 2018, 37(05): 47-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (419KB) ( )   According to the analysis of the impact of rainfall change and human activities on the runoff change in Qinhe River basin, the influence degree of rainfall change and human activities on runoff change of Qinhe River was comprehensively evaluated. Taking the year from 1956 to 2000 as the baseline period and the year from 1956 to 2000 as the influence period, the influence of the rainfall change and human activities at influence period on the runoff change in Qinhe River basin was analyzed. Qinhe River natural runoff was 1073 million m3 in 2001—2010, which was decreased by 266 million m3 (19.9% reduction), compared with the annual average 1339 million m3 from 1956 to 2000. The decrease of natural runoff was mainly affected by rainfall change and human activities. The results show that from 2001 to 2010, the runoff in Qinhe River basin has been reduced, and the cause of rainfall change has accounted for 19.2%; the influence of human activities has accounted for 80.8%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Selfanchored Emergency Anchor and Its Calculation Method CHEN Hongkai,YIN Xiao 2018, 37(05): 52-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   Perilous rock and collapse is a kind of major global geological disaster and its emergency reinforcement technology is the critical link of emergency disaster mitigation of perilous rock and collapse. A new type of anchor that is self-anchored emergency anchor was proposed. The structure composition and application method of self-anchored emergency anchor were expounded in detail. The shear strength calculation method of self-anchored emergency anchor and bolt of anchor arm was established, and the calculation formula of the amount of anchor needed to control dangerous rock was obtained. The research results provide a new technical path for emergency treatment of perilous rock and collapse, which can also be applied to the emergency reinforcement of building structure and bridge structure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Rock Mass Integrity of Regional Slope Considering the Formation Lithology and Geological Structure YI Wu1, 2，WANG Ming3,YU Dongsheng3, HAN Jingjing3, ZHANG Jintuan3 2018, 37(05): 60-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (1433KB) ( )   Based on the fundamental data collected from field investigation, the rock mass integrity of a series of samples was obtained. Considering the influence of lithology and geological structure on the rock mass integrity, a multi-factor weighted superposition model was established to predict the integrity of slope rock mass in the whole research area. The prediction results show that the rock mass integrity of Yangtze River slope is worse than that of the tributaries slope; moreover, the prediction results show that there are known landslide hazard points in dark areas. One of them has slid, which shows that the forecast results conform to the actual situation. Therefore, the prediction results can be applied to the stability analysis of rock slope and provide basis for the prevention and control of geological disasters in this region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Transportation Standard Preparation Sequence Based on Improved VIKOR Methods QIAO Jiangang, CHENG Can 2018, 37(05): 65-70.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.5.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (458KB) ( )   The traffic standards can guide the construction of the traffic. In order to make traffic standards preparation meet the requirements of engineering practice, the two-tuple linguistic theory was used to analyze the surveyed data and two-tuple linguistic evaluation matrix was established, through a large number of SP and RP surveys for professionals. The phrase transformation, computation rules and distance formula of natural linguistic terms were defined according to the two- tuple linguistic model, the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution were determined by combining with VIKOR method. And then the group utility value S, the individual regret value R and the trade-off value Q of all the alternatives were calculated. Therefore, the standards preparation sequence was determined. Through the application of the improved VIKOR method to the preparation and planning of water transport standards in Tianjin area, Ri value sorting scatter plot was obtained under different υ values. Finally, Tianjin water transportation standard preparation sequence was determined and was verified by TOPSIS method, which proposed a new idea for the research on traffic planning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Regional Transports Accessibility Based on Utility Model MA Shuhong1, GE Yong2, SUN Yanhan3, WU Zhouhao1 2018, 37(05): 71-76.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (744KB) ( )   To analyze the influence of land use and traffic system characteristics on regional transports accessibility, an urban regional transports accessibility model was established based on the utility model. The proposed model was based on the analysis of the concept and connotation of accessibility, combined with the factors affecting urban transports accessibility and common accessibility measure methods. The factors of time, cost, transferring and service quality of different trip modes and individual attributes of travelers were considered in the proposed model. The proposed model was verified by the case study of Xian. Results show that the average transports accessibility of area within the walls is the highest, reaching 0.906 4; the area outside the third ring is the lowest, and its value is 0.441 8. And the value of accessibility decreases gradually with the increase of distance from the center of the city. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Cooperative Passenger Flow Control in Urban Rail Transit Network PAN Hanchuan, LIU Zhigang, ZOU Chengliang, CHEN Yingbin 2018, 37(05): 77-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (458KB) ( )   Passengers left-behind and waiting on the platform is a major security problem faced by operational company in peak hours. Considering the limited promotion space of transport capacity, the safety management measures for passenger flow control of the related stations were put forward. Firstly, the characteristics of rail traffic flow and its congestion propagation rule were analyzed; secondly, under the conditions of security constraints, the optimization model of cooperative passenger flow control was established, with the objective to minimize the number of the affected passengers; thirdly, the solution method based on genetic algorithm was designed; finally, the case study was carried out in an actual network, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction Method of Travel Mode Share Rate in Commuting Peak Period Based on Multisource Data SONG Yongchao, YANG Pei 2018, 37(05): 84-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (533KB) ( )   The urban traffic congestion is a universal problem in big cities, especially in commuting peak period. Traffic planning in advance is an effective approach to deal with traffic congestion problem. The traditional prediction model of travel mode share rate was based on the artificial survey data, and it was difficult to predict the share rate accurately, due to its expensive acquisition cost and quantitative restriction of data samples. Multi-source data was utilized to analyze traffic travel share rate, including road network data, public transportation network data, public transportation stops data, household registration data, and workplace data etc. According to the service scope of the vehicle and the attraction scope of the bus station, the travel mode of residents during commuting peak period was forecasted by using the shortest path algorithm and the public transportation selection algorithm. Therefore, the share rate of different travel modes and the distribution rule of commuter trips were obtained. Taking Chongqing urban area as an example, the typical data analysis of urban commuter was carried out to verify the reliability and accuracy of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Key Factors Affecting Highway Freight Overloading Based on Binary Logistic Regression CHENG Yikai1, WANG Fuchao1, WANG Kai1, ZHENG Hongfu2, SHI Qin1 2018, 37(05): 92-96.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (406KB) ( )   In order to explore the key factors influencing highway truck overloading and provide theoretical foundation to check and rule over the overloading, the key factors affecting freight vehicle overloading were identified on the basis of the collected data of the operation types, line characteristics and vehicle characteristics of 3249 highway trucks in the highway traffic volume survey conducted in 2015. The single factor analysis, collinearity test and binary Logistic regression analysis were used. And then the feasible measures to rule over the overloading were proposed. It is indicated that the operation type, vehicle length, operation mode, freight volume and average distance are the key factors to influence highway truck overloading. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vehicle Abnormal Behavior Detection on Freeway Based on Global Positioning System Data YANG Longhai1, XU Hong2, ZHANG Chun1 2018, 37(05): 97-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (493KB) ( )   Vehicle abnormal behavior is one of the main causes of freeway traffic accident. In order to improve the safety management of the freeway, the vehicle global positioning system (GPS) data were analyzed. The vehicle speed and acceleration of 11 time of consecutive positioning were taken as input parameters, and the designing and training of neural network classifier was carried out. Finally, a hierarchical detection algorithm for vehicle abnormal behavior of freeway based on GPS data was designed.Through GPS experiments and VISSIM simulation, various types of vehicle abnormal behaviors were simulated, and the proposed detection algorithm was analyzed and verified. The results show that the proposed hierarchical detection algorithm has a high detection rate and can effectively identify all kinds of vehicle abnormal behaviors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Index Evaluation with Subjects Preference in Railway Whole Life Cycle LI Yanjin1, LUO Xia1, ZHU Ying2 2018, 37(05): 104-111.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (454KB) ( )   In order to quantify the preference of railway design schemes to different indicators in the whole life cycle, the problem of railway index evaluation involved with the subjects preference information under multi-object conditions was studied. The project cycle was divided into three stages, including decision- making and design, construction and operation maintenance. Comparing the participation rates of participants at each stage, different subjects were selected out, and the participated subjects preferences for 3 sub-targets, that is, economic benefit, environmental impact and safety performance were analyzed. Combined with the current index system of railway whole life cycle, the multiple-object index evaluation model was established and solved by Lagrange multiplier method. The results of Guiyang-Guangzhou Railway case study show that the result of this study can better quantify different subjects preference to speed target value (0.442), average attendance rate (0.509) and average turnover (0.493) at each stage in railway whole life cycle, which can provide technical means for decision-makers to choose and compare the design alternatives when the economic, environmental and safety benefits are optimized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Modeling and Simulation of Visual System in Inland River Ship Handling Simulator ZHAI Xiaoming,YIN Yong,REN Hongxiang 2018, 37(05): 112-117.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (2865KB) ( )   Based on the procedural method, a fluid motion model of river was established and solved by the finite difference method.Thus, the velocity field of river motion in visual system was obtained.The scene model of visual system was built by modeling software Multigen Creator,and LOD technology was applied to improve the simulation efficiency of visual system.The relative visualization technologies were utilized to realize the real time simulation of visual system in inland river ship handling simulator. The simulation results show that the established fluid velocity field model of river can reflect the fluidity of river more truly, and the visual system can improve the environment reality in inland river ship handling simulator, moreover, the efficiency of visual system is much higher than the requirement of real time simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flow Filed and Pressure Loss of the Cooling Water Inlet Pipe of Turbocharger DAI Jinyue1, ZHAI Huihui2, ZHOU Haichao3 2018, 37(05): 118-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2018.05.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (876KB) ( )   Taking the water inlet pipe of turbocharger as the research object, the geometric model was built by Catia software, and the water flow characteristics inside the inlet pipe was analyzed by virtual of CFD method. The influence of the water flux in water inlet pipe, the outlet pressure, the wall roughness and the diversion pipes diameter on the flow filed and pressure loss was investigated. The results show that the water flow has a sharp change at the bent junction of the bolt and the pipe at the inlet of the flow; the peak water pressure appears nearby the inlet bolt, and the fluid pressure continues to decline in the direction of water flow motion along the pipe. With the increase of water intake, the pressure loss of the pipe increases. The influence of the large change of outlet pressure on the pressure loss in the pipeline is not obvious. Increasing the roughness of the pipe wall will increase the pressure loss, and increasing the inlet diversion pipes diameter will reduce the pressure loss; conversely, the pressure loss will increase. References | Related Articles | Metrics