Abstract: In view of the characteristics of free-floating bike-sharing (FFBS), such as chaotic parking, high failure rate and uneven distribution of time and space, a hierarchical scheduling strategy was proposed, in order to solve the problems of low efficiency and high cost in scheduling work. The scheduling area was divided into road-layer and zone-layer, and different types of scheduling vehicles were used to complete the collection of faulty bikes, the collection and delivery of normal bikes. Taking the minimum time cost as the optimization objective, considering the capacity constraints and supply constraints of scheduling bikes, a static scheduling model with multiple bike trips was established. The case study shows that the proposed model can effectively guide the optimal adjustment of scheduling path; and the scheduling cost analysis of three kinds of strategies also shows that the proposed hierarchical scheduling strategy has obvious advantages in the economic cost.

Key words: traffic and transportation engineering, free-floating bike-sharing, online renting bicycles, scheduling strategy, hierarchical scheduling

摘要： 针对共享单车乱停乱放、故障率高、时空分布不均等特点，解决调度中效率低下、成本过高的问题，提出了一种共享单车分层调度策略，将调度区域划分为道路层和小区层，采用不同类型的调度车辆完成故障车的收集、正常车的收集与投放工作。以时间成本最小为优化目标，考虑调度车容量约束和补给约束，建立了多车次的静态调度模型。案例分析表明，该模型可以有效地指导调度路径的优化调整；3种策略的调度成本分析也表明，构建的分层调度模式在经济成本上具有明显优势。

关键词: 交通运输工程, 共享单车, 互联网租赁自行车, 调度策略, 分层调度