Abstract: Considering the pair wise decomposition，the empty container reposition among multiple ports means that the whole port system including many ports is decomposed into a group of subsystems and each subsystem contains two ports． The empty container reposition only exists in the ports in the same subsystem． The optimal empty container reposition strategy is determined，in the case that the expected totals costs at multiple stages are optimal． Firstly，the optimal empty container reposition models among multiple ports were respectively developed when all ports faceed the empty container demand at each stage，or when at most one port faces the empty container demand in different port systems． Secondly，the correspondingly pairwise decomposition reposition models were derived． Finally，a case study was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model，and with the help of Monte Carlo method，the pairwise decomposition reposition model and other reposition models were compared under different rent costs，reposition costs，storage costs and demand fluctuation． It is indicated that the pairwise decomposition reposition model is superior to other reposition models when the parameters are changed within a certain range．

Key words: waterway transportation, empty container reposition, decomposition, Monte Carlo method

摘要： 考虑配对分解的多港口之间空箱调运，即把整个港口系统分解成多个以两个港口为一组的港口子系统，空箱 调运只发生在绑定的两个港口之间，在多阶段期望总成本最优情况下确定整个港口系统的最优空箱调运策略。首 先分别在每个阶段每个港口都发生空箱需求和最多一个港口发生空箱需求的不同港口系统下，建立多港口之间的 最优空箱调运模型，然后推导出对应的配对分解调运模型，最后通过具体算例验证配对分解调运模型的有效性，并 运用蒙特卡洛多重积分法比较在不同空箱租赁成本、调运成本、储存成本、需求波动下配对分解调运模式与其他调 运模式的优劣，得出在一定的参数范围内配对分解调运模式要优于其他调运模式。

关键词: 水路运输, 空箱调运, 分解, 蒙特卡洛法