Abstract: The impact of convective heat transfer coefficient on the residual stress and strain of butt welding was mainly investigated. Therefore, the reference for the cooling method of the existing important welding components (such as the bridge large tensile anchor plate) was given. The finite element simulation calculation of the welding parts was carried out by ABAQUS software, and the numerical value of convective heat transfer coefficient was changed to simulate the impact of cooling speed on residual stress and strain of thick plate welding. The research shows that: the calculation results of the welding zone with different cooling speed have no difference in magnitude, and it is also found that the influence of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the residual stress and strain of the component after welding is not monotonous linear relationship. In a moderate condition of convective heat transfer coefficient, the residual stress and strain of thick plate welding can reach the minimum.

Key words: bridge engineering, welding, convective heat transfer coefficient, residual stress and strain, X groove butt joint, birth- death element

摘要： 主要考察了对流换热系数对厚 板对接焊残余应力应变的影响，从而对现有的重要焊接构件（如桥梁大型锚拉板）的冷却方式给出参考，利用ABAQUS软件对焊接构件进行有限元模拟计算 ，通过改变对流换热系数数值大小来模拟冷却速度对厚板焊接残余应力应变的影响。研究表明：焊接区在不同冷却速度下计算结果没有数量级的差异，并 且发现对流换热系数与构件焊后残余应力应变的影响也并非为单调线性的关系，在某一适中的对流换热系数条件下，厚板焊接的残余应力应变可以达到最 小。

关键词: 桥梁工程, 焊接, 对流换热系数, 残余应力应变, X坡口平板对焊, 生死单元