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01 August 2019, Volume 38 Issue 08 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Transport+Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Bridge & Tunnel Engineering
Highway & Railway Engineering
Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment
Traffic & Transportation Engineering
Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering


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Transport+Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

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Trajectory Tracking Control of Self-Driving Cars SHAO Yiming1, CHEN Yawei2, SHU Haibo2 2019, 38(08): 1-6.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.01 Abstract ( )   PDF (441KB) ( )   A four-degree-of-freedom dynamic model was established. Based on the tire magic formula, considering soft constraints of sideslip angle, the vehicle trajectory tracking controller was designed by applying model prediction control theory. The controller could ensure the vehicle handling stability; meanwhile, it could make the self-driving vehicle complete the trajectory tracking control autonomously by controlling the front wheel angle. The simulation results show that compared with the optimal preview control algorithm, the proposed linear time-varying model prediction controller considering soft constraints of sideslip angle has better superiority in trajectory tracking, has good adaptability to vehicle speed variation and reference trajectory, and can improve the trajectory tracking ability of the autopilot vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship Navigation Behavior Prediction Based on Extreme Learning Machine XIE Xinlian, CHEN Ziwei, WEI Zhaokun, ZHAO Ruijia 2019, 38(08): 7-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.02 Abstract ( )   PDF (1230KB) ( )   In order to improve the efficiency of marine monitoring system and predict ship navigation effectively, a prediction model of ship navigation behavior was established based on extreme learning machine. According to the change of navigation state (mainly for steering or speed change), the proposed model automatically adjusted the sampling period to train the network more accurately, so as to improve the prediction accuracy of ship behavior. Finally, using the information of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in Qiongzhou Strait, the designed prediction model was compared with the current grey correlation and BP models. The simulation results show that the designed algorithm effectively reduces the prediction errors of ships before and after steering and speed change; through the Mann Whitney U test, it is proved that the proposed ship navigation behavior prediction model based on extreme learning machine has greater advantage in prediction accuracy, compared with the traditional BP neural network and grey correlation model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clustering Research on Time Series of Online Car-Hailing Demand Based on the Improved DTW_AGNES LI Xinhua1，LI Junhui1，LI Jingzhuang2 2019, 38(08): 13-19.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.03 Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   Clustering analysis on the time series of online car-hailing demand was made to identify the similarities and differences of demand variation rules on different dates, so as to rationally formulate operational scheduling plans and provide passengers with higher level transport services. Aiming at the problem that existing Euclidean distance agglomerative hierarchical clustering (Euc_AGNES) couldnt recognize time series migration and scaling, and the problem that dynamic time warping (DTW) distance had huge time consumption in calculation, an improved DTW_AGNES clustering method was proposed. The proposed method optimized the dynamic planning search range of DTW by adjusting the constraint range of matching path and used the improved DTW as the similarity measure method of agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AGNES). The experiment results show that the ordinary DTW_AGNES clustering and the improved DTW_AGNES clustering are more able to identify the time series of online car-hailing demand than the Euc_AGNES clustering does, which provides a reliable evidence for the operators to formulate online car-hailing scheduling. Furthermore, the operation efficiency of the improved DTW_AGNES clustering is 62.4% higher than that of the ordinary DTW_AGNES clustering, which saves computing time and resources, and proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Bridge & Tunnel Engineering

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In-plane Coupled Vibration Mechanism of Cable-Beam Structure ZHAO Wenzhong1,2, KANG Jian1, LIANG Dong1 2019, 38(08): 20-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.04 Abstract ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )   In order to investigate the coupled vibration problem of the cable-beam structure under geometric nonlinear conditions, the three cables and simply supported beam combination system was used as a simplified dynamic model. The Hamiltonian principle was used to establish the nonlinear partial differential motion equation of multi-strip cable and single beam system with the initial sag. The Galerkin method was used to discretize the equation into second-order ordinary differential equations without damp effect. The in-plane coupled vibration responses of the first two modes of the cable and the main beam in different working conditions were simulated by numerical method, and the coupling process and impact mechanism were emphatically analyzed. The results show that when the natural frequency of the main beam vibration, the in-plane first-order mode frequency and the second-order mode frequency are 1∶2∶1, the first-order and the second-order mode of three cables are coupled with the vibration of the main beam to varying degrees. Compared with the single beam and single cable vibration, the amplitude of the three coupled cables increases, the beat frequency decreases, indicating the existence of interaction between cables; the first-order mode amplitude of the cable is the key to control the instantaneous safety of the structure, and the second-order mode vibration has an important influence on the long-term fatigue failure of cables. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Galloping of Quad Bundle Conductor Line under the Influence of Critical Parameters YANG Xiaohui1, LIU Xiaohui2, XU Qian3,4, WU Chuan1, ZHOU Linshu5, CAI Mengqi4 2019, 38(08): 27-32.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.05 Abstract ( )   PDF (716KB) ( )   According to the wind tunnel test of quad bundle conductor section model, the variation curve of aerodynamic coefficients of sub-conductors changing with wind attack angle was obtained. The sensitivity of aerodynamic parameters of conductor line to wind speed was studied by changing wind speed. Meanwhile, the influence of the wake of the windward conductor on the aerodynamic parameters of the lower sub-conductor was also investigated, and the precision of wind tunnel test interval wind attack angle was verified. In ABAQUS finite element software, the finite element model of quad bundle conductor line was set up, and the aerodynamic load and the electromagnetic force between the sub-conductors were applied by UEL. According to the results of numerical simulation, the effect of span length and current intensity on the galloping amplitude, galloping trajectory and galloping mode of quad bundle conductor line was investigated. These results provide certain reference significance for the study of galloping mechanism of quad bundle conductor line and vibration prevention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Constant Live-Load Effect Ratio of Common Small and Medium Span Concrete Beam Bridges WU Haijun1, YUAN Guangjie1, QU Haoran2, WANG Qingzhen3, LIU Dongshuang4 2019, 38(08): 33-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.06 Abstract ( )   PDF (450KB) ( )   In view of the relative lag of scientific research, technical specifications, and engineering practices for safety monitoring of small and medium span bridges at home and abroad, the constant live-load effect ratios of common small and medium span bridges and their differences with long-span bridges were studied. Several representative bridges were selected and a finite element calculation model was established. The constant and live load bending moment values at the mid-span position were extracted, and the constant live-load effect ratio of the small and medium span bridge was analyzed. Through calculations and comparative analysis, it is shown that the live-load effect ratio of common small and medium span concrete girder bridges accounts for a high proportion, and gradually decreases with the increase of span. The difference in live load ratio of concrete simply-supported girder bridges with the same span and different widths is very small. The live load ratio of small and medium bridges with the same span and different cross-section types is different,among which T-beam has the largest proportion of live load, followed by small box girder, and hollow slab has the smallest proportion.The live load ratio of the small and medium span bridges with the same span at different times decreases with the update of design specifications and design load levels and the change of design philosophy.The ratio of live load response of small and medium span bridges is significantly larger than that of long span girder bridges.This difference will significantly affect the selection of early warning and evaluation methods for safety monitoring data based on live load and constant load response. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation Method of Tunnel Seismic Resistance Considering the Action of the Height of Upper and Lower Soil Columns GAO Feng1，PENG Mengzhu1，FU Ming1，FENG Siyuan1，LU Miaodan1，LIU Yun2 2019, 38(08): 39-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.07 Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   At present, the inertial force method used in tunnel seismic resistance only considers the seismic force of the upper soil column of the tunnel, and doesnt consider the seismic force of the lower soil column. As a result, the calculation results deviate from the actual situation, which is necessary to study. Using ANSYS finite element software, the seismic response of underground structures under different tunnel depth, span and surrounding rock level was calculated through time-history analysis method. And it was compared with inertial force method; the difference between the results of two methods was analyzed. According to the stress path method, the height of the pressure arch in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, i.e. the influence range of the surrounding medium of the tunnel, was calculated, and the seismic action range of the upper and lower soil columns was determined. Then it was applied to the inertial force method, and a modified formula for calculating seismic force considering the action of upper and lower soil columns, i.e. the modified inertial force method, was proposed. The results show that the modified inertial force method has good accuracy. The conclusions obtained have reference value for seismic design of tunnels. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Highway & Railway Engineering

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Research Progress on Interlayer Contact State of Asphalt Pavement RAN Wuping, ZHANG Yu, LI Shuang 2019, 38(08): 45-52.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.08 Abstract ( )   PDF (503KB) ( )   The interlayer contact state of asphalt pavement not only has a significant influence on the mechanical response of road structure, but also is the bottleneck of the study of pavement structure mechanics behavior. In order to promote the development of pavement mechanics research, the academic research status, hot spots, problems and development prospects of asphalt pavement interlayer contact state were systematically reviewed. The analysis on the interlayer contact state and the maintenance of interlayer contact state under different conditions was carried out. Firstly, the interlayer contact research methods based on the test method and the numerical simulation method were summarized and the statistical analysis was carried out. The classical test methods and characterization indices of interlayer contact at home and abroad were mainly introduced. Secondly, the characterization of interlayer contact was reviewed. Emphasis was laid on the analysis of the seven most widely used methods of characterization of interlayer contact, and the advantages and disadvantages of various characterizations were analyzed in detail. Finally, the development trend of asphalt pavement interlayer contact was put forward, in order to provide a new perspective and basic information for the academic research on the mechanical behavior of road structure under the influence of complex conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Pavement Mechanical Response of Four Kinds of Contact Forms of Uniformly-Distributed Load LI Hao1,2，XU Xinquan2，LIU Feng2，GONG Yaobin3 2019, 38(08): 53-58.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.09 Abstract ( )   PDF (488KB) ( )   Based on the structure type of Yunluo expressway test road, ANSYS was used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model. The response of asphalt pavement mechanical index under four kinds of contact forms of uniformly-distributed load such as rectangle, square, circle and ellipse under static loading was compared and analyzed. And the influence of load form on pavement structure design was also analyzed. The research results show that compared with the double circular uniformly-distributed load in the current code, the fatigue life calculated by the rectangular load is greatly different. The simplified form of rectangular load is not recommended in the structural design of asphalt pavement. Under square and elliptical loads, the response of each index is similar to that of circular loads. The design of asphalt pavement with square load is more secure than the specification, and the design of asphalt pavement with oval load is not as safe as the specification. Considering the convenience of mesh division in finite element calculation, the simplified form of square load can be adopted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence Rule of Waste Vegetable Oil on Rheological Properties of Aged Asphalt CAO Xinxin1, CAO Xuejuan2，TANG Boming1,2，LI Xiaolong2 2019, 38(08): 59-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (459KB) ( )   Asphalt rejuvenator should be added in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) hot recycling to ensure its performance. In the past five years, the vegetable oil base rejuvenator attracted more and more attention due to its green and renewable advantages. A common plant waste oil in China was chosen and named w-oil. Through the analysis of rheological properties of recycled asphalt with different w-oil content, the possibility of w-oil as asphalt rejuvenator was investigated. The research results show that: with the increase of w-oil content, the construction workability, fatigue performance and low-temperature cracking of rejuvenated asphalt are improved, but the high temperature stability is reduced. When W-oil content is 13.4%, the high temperature stability of rejuvenated asphalt is similar to that of virgin asphalt; construction and workability are slightly lower, while the rejuvenated asphalt has better fatigue performance and low-temperature performance. Therefore, w-oil as asphalt rejuvenator has great potential. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation Method of Triangular Differential Earthwork Based on TIN Model LI Huarong1,2 , CHEN Tao1,2 2019, 38(08): 65-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.11 Abstract ( )   PDF (536KB) ( )   At present, the commonly used DEM earthwork algorithm calculates the earthwork volume of the site by simulating the terrain as a prism with different heights. When encountering complex terrain, the filling and excavation of a single prism is complicated and needed to be segmented. This will not only lead to the distortion of terrain simulation, but also increase the complexity of model calculation. In view of the above situation, based on the TIN model, the triangle differential idea was introduced, and the triangle was segmented according to certain rules. Therefore, the calculation of the earthwork was realized by calculating the volume of the differential triangular prism. For the proposed method, C# programming was used to test it and was compared with the traditional Grid and TIN methods. The accuracy and time efficiency of the results were analyzed. The research results show that the proposed method can further improve the calculation accuracy of earthwork volume in complex terrain, compared with traditional algorithms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Port & Waterway · Hydraulic & Hydroelectric · Resources & Environment

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Research Progress on Erosion Wear Mechanism and Anti-erosion Coatings LI Li1, WEI Tianchou1, LIU Mingwei2, ZHOU Chao1 2019, 38(08): 70-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.12 Abstract ( )   PDF (433KB) ( )   The phenomenon of erosion widely exists in engineering structures and it is one of the main reasons for structure failure and equipment failure in many industries, which causes huge economic losses in energy resources and materials every year. Therefore, the erosion theory of plastic materials, such as micro-cutting theory, deformation wear theory, wear delamination theory, secondary erosion theory and forging extrusion theory, and brittle material erosion theory such as elastic indentation theory were reviewed. In addition, the anti-erosion principle of coating protection method, which was one of the main existing erosion protection methods, was introduced. Finally, the main problems and future research emphases in erosion wear research were put forward. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Wharf Types on Motion Response Characteristics of Large Ships YUAN Peiyin1,2, WANG Pingyi1, LIU Tianyu2, ZHAO Yu1,3 2019, 38(08): 75-79.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.13 Abstract ( )   PDF (720KB) ( )   Based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory, the effects of ship-to-wharf spacing (5 to 500 m) and wharf types (square wharf and cylindrical wharf) on 6-DOF response amplitude operators (RAO), including surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw, were studied. In the case of coupled mooring in full-time domain, the variation of the response amplitude of the ships 6-DOF (pitch, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw) changing with time history was analyzed. The result shows that the 6-DOF response amplitude operators in ship frequency domain are basically not affected by the distance between ship and wharf; and different wharf shapes have different influences on the ship motions, that is the influence of square wharf on ships pitch, yaw and roll is more severe, while the influence of cylindrical wharf on ships roll, pitch and heave is more significant. The research results can provide some reference and technical guidance for mooring of similar ships. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Analysis on the Excavation of the Material Yard Slope outside the Opening Line of Hydropower Station HONG Wei, XU Chaofan, JI Feng 2019, 38(08): 80-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.14 Abstract ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   The excavation of material yard will affect the natural slope outside the opening line, and even cause landslides and other natural disasters, resulting in quality and safety accidents. Based on a large hydropower project in southwest China, the different stages of excavation process of material yard, the stability and deformation of a high and steep rock slope and the deformation of the cliff outside the opening line were studied by comparing the numerical simulation with the field monitoring data. The research shows that the joint model in UDEC is more convenient than the traditional method to analyze the stability of rock slope with multi-structural planes, and the simulation values are basically consistent with the monitoring values, which can reliably simulate the deformation of the slope. The reinforcement scheme of multi-joint high-steep slope has better effect of excavation and cutting, and when the excavation is more difficult, the supporting design should be considered. In the excavation project of material yard, the steep cliff outside the opening line has been deformed and destroyed, and the corresponding supporting design is needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Traffic & Transportation Engineering

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Velocity Characteristics of Large Truck on Continuous Downgrade Section of Expressway CHEN Lihui1,2，GUO Zhongyin1 2019, 38(08): 86-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (456KB) ( )   The longitudinal vehicle speed curve obtained by cross-section acquisition method is not continuous, and the resulting vehicle speed model can not reflect the vehicle speed characteristics in the whole longitudinal slope section. In order to remedy the deficiency of vehicle speed prediction model based on cross-section speed method, a four-lane continuous downgrade section of National Highway G5 in Shanxi province was taken as the research object and 50 groups of continuous speed data of large truck with 14 gradients of the tested section were collected by using vehicle-mounted GPS equipment. The relationship between the vehicle speed V and the parameters such as slope P and slope length L of highway longitudinal slope were analyzed. By introducing the slope ratio r (i.e. the ratio of front to rear longitudinal slopes), a prediction model for the vehicle speed of large trucks on continuous downgrade sections based on P, L and r was established. The vehicle speed prediction model was tested by practical engineering data. The results show that the vehicle speed V is related to P of the longitudinal slope where the vehicle is located, and the relationship between the vehicle speed V and the L is cubic polynomial, which is obviously different from the quadratic polynomial relationship between V and L. The predicted vehicle speed of the proposed model is basically consistent with the actual vehicle speed, which proves the validity of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lateral Acceleration Interference Model of Vehicle Driving on Curved Road XU Lunhui1,2, HUANG Baoshan1 2019, 38(08): 92-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.16 Abstract ( )   PDF (393KB) ( )   For the traffic safety problem of the vehicles driving along the curved road, the force of the vehicles running on the actual curved road was analyzed from the perspective of the dynamics, and the relationship between the vehicle lateral acceleration and the curve alignment parameters was determined. According to the theory of acceleration interference, the lateral acceleration interference model described by the curvature and length of curved road was established for the typical slow-round-slow curved road. The proposed lateral acceleration interference model of vehicles running along curved road was validated by actual alignment parameters of a secondary mountainous highway. The safety evaluation results of vehicles driving along the curved road sections were obtained, which was in line with the actual situation. The proposed model and method provide a new way to evaluate the safety of driving. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of the Coasting Interval Considering Trains Energy Consumption and Comfort HUANG Jiangping，TIAN Zhuangzhuang 2019, 38(08): 98-103.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.17 Abstract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   In the ideal tracking interval, the tracking train is susceptible to the operation of the preceding train; and effective braking must be taken to maintain the safety distance. In order to avoid the interference from the preceding train, improve the comfort of the tracking train and reduce the braking energy consumption of the train, the tracking process was firstly divided into different stages by using the idea of segmentation, and the coasting interval required for tracking the train in each stage was calculated separately. At the same time, Bang-Bang control idea was used to optimize the coasting interval in different stages, so as to ensure the operation efficiency of the line. Through the simulation analysis of MATLAB, the interval tracking spacing became larger after adding the coasting interval, but in exchange for better comfort of tracking train and lower braking energy consumption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Subway Fare Based on Time-Sharing Pricing Theory WANG Lin, LI Riwei, LU Hanyu, YANG Yuting 2019, 38(08): 104-110.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.18 Abstract ( )   PDF (476KB) ( )   Based on the theory of time-sharing pricing and the idea of “peak shaving and valley filling”, the time-sharing pricing of metro was carried out to redistribute the passenger flow in different periods of time in order to alleviate the contradiction caused by the unbalanced passenger flow throughout the day. After dividing the period of subway, considering the mode and quantity of passenger flow transfer, a single-period user response model between public transport networks and a multi-period user response model of passenger flow transfer between periods were constructed. On this basis, the minimum model of the maximum passenger flow difference of subway was established, and the genetic-Pareto algorithm was used to solve the problem, and the subway freight rate of each period was calculated. Finally, an example was given to prove the validity of the proposed model. The results show that the time-sharing pricing of metro can change the travelers' behavior to a certain extent, improve the imbalance of passenger flow, reduce the peak load rate and improve the service level of transportation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Vehicle &Electromechanical Engineering

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Strengthening and Strength Calculation of Supporting Structure for the Marine Patrol Ship Haixun-163 Anchor Chain Winch YANG Jingdong, HE Ruifeng, LIU Wenbin 2019, 38(08): 111-116.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.19 Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   In the renovation project of marine patrol ship Haixun-163, the submerged winch on the main deck was removed and replaced by horizontal hydraulic anchor chain winch, where the support structure of the deck under the winch needed to be partially strengthened. According to the loading point of winch operation and the local strengthening principle of the deck structure, the local strengthening scheme of the support structure of Haixun-163 winch was designed, and the finite element strength of the four working conditions of the winch was checked according to the specifications. In addition, two loading methods were used to compare and analyze the wave working conditions. The calculation results show that the maximum stress value appears at the supporting structure of the winch support foot accessories and meets the requirements of the specification, which shows that the proposed strengthening scheme of the winch support structure is reasonable and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Irregular Railing on Wheel/Rail Noise of High Speed Turnout LUO Zhen 2019, 38(08): 117-123.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.20 Abstract ( )   PDF (862KB) ( )   A wheel-rail impact noise prediction model based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory and the finite element-boundary element method was established. Firstly, the time history of the wheel-rail interaction force excited by the turnout irregularity was calculated through the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model in the time domain. In the coupled model, the rigid mass was used to simulate the wheel and the rail was regarded as the Timoshenko beam. Subsequently, a finite element (FE) model of the wheelset and the track was built, and then the frequency spectrum of the wheel-rail interaction force was input into the FE model for harmonic response analysis to obtain the vibration velocity spectral of the wheel and the track. Therefore, the wheel-rail noise radiation was analyzed in the boundary element model based on these boundary conditions. The characteristics of the track irregularities measured from the turnout areas on a high-speed railway in China were compared with that measured from the common areas, and the wheel-rail vibration noise power in two regions was obtained according to the established model. The study indicates that the irregularity amplitude in the turnout area is higher than that in the non-turnout area, which leads to wheel-rail noise significantly higher than that in non-turnout area. Besides, during the acoustic grinding, attention should be paid to the control of wavelength in the range of 0.16~1 m and in the range of 20 mm. Furthermore, in the case of 300km/h running speed, the speed limit of 78km/h is required to make the wheel-rail sound radiation at the turnout section not exceed the common section. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Parameter Identification of Steering System Based on Recursive Least Square Method LI Wei,WANG Hongmin,TANG Zheng 2019, 38(08): 124-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0696.2019.08.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   Steering system is one of the important safety systems of automobile; the design of its mathematical model directly affects its performance and longevity. The accuracy of the parameters of the steering system obtained by the traditional design method didnt meet the requirements, and the change of the parameter under evaluation couldnt be observed in real time. Firstly, Matlab software was used to verify the superiority of recursive least squares method in parameter identification. Then, the parameters of an unknown steering system were identified, and the mechanical parameters such as equivalent moment of inertia, equivalent damping coefficient and equivalent stiffness were obtained. Finally, the identified parameters were verified, and the verification results were satisfactory. References | Related Articles | Metrics